PubMed · 5577442
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H Fredholm. 1971-04-16. Estrone--UV reflection spectrum in solid 1-tetradecanol.. https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-291x(71)90750-9
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Fusel alcohols are natural products of amino acid catabolism in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae that cause morphological changes similar to those seen during pseudohyphal growth. We have discovered that certain of these alcohols, including butanol and isoamyl alcohol, bring about a rapid inhibition of translation at the initiation step. This inhibition is strain specific and is not explained by previously described translational control pathways. Using genetic mapping, we have identified a proline to serine allelic variation at amino acid 180 of the GCD1 gene product as the genetic locus that allows translational regulation upon butanol addition. Gcd1p forms part of the eIF2B guanine nucleotide complex that is responsible for recycling eIF2-GDP to eIF2-GTP. This represents one of the key limiting steps of translation initiation and we provide evidence that fusel alcohols target eIF2B in order to bring about translational regulation.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in water ice were exposed to ultraviolet (UV) radiation under astrophysical conditions, and the products were analyzed by infrared spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. Peripheral carbon atoms were oxidized, producing aromatic alcohols, ketones, and ethers, and reduced, producing partially hydrogenated aromatic hydrocarbons, molecules that account for the interstellar 3.4-micrometer emission feature. These classes of compounds are all present in carbonaceous meteorites. Hydrogen and deuterium atoms exchange readily between the PAHs and the ice, which may explain the deuterium enrichments found in certain meteoritic molecules. This work has important implications for extraterrestrial organics in biogenesis.
The peptidyl alcohol N-benzyloxycarbonyl-Ile-Glu(O-t-Bu)-Ala-leucinol is a mild activator of the chymotrypsin-like activity of the proteasome. When added to an incubation mixture of recombinant PA28alpha plus 20S proteasome the peptidyl alcohol antagonizes the stimulation of the chymotrypsin-like activity by PA28alpha in a dose-dependent manner (IC50 = 30 microM). This effect is selective for the chymotrypsin-like activity. Stimulation of the peptidyl-glutamyl peptide bond hydrolyzing activity of the proteasome by PA28alpha is not affected by the peptidyl alcohol. The ovalbumin immunodominant epitope SIINFEKL is hydrolyzed by the PA28alpha-activated 20S proteasome to SIINF and SIINFE in approximately equimolar amounts. Addition of the peptidyl alcohol to an incubation mixture of PA28alpha, 20S proteasome and SIINFEKL shifts the ratio of products in favor of SIINFE. A similar shift in favor of postglutamyl cleavages occurs with the extended peptide LEQLESIINFEKLTE. By altering the ratio of products produced by the PA28alpha-activated proteasome, the peptidyl alcohol acts as a proteasome modulator. Proteasome modulators represent a novel class of molecules with a potential for altering the processing of antigens by the PA28-proteasome complex for presentation by the MHC class I system.