PubMed · 5591091
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J Polderman. 1967-11-10. [Air sterilization].. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/5591091/
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Airborne dispersal enables plant pathogens to travel across fields, regions, and continents, fueling rapid epidemics and emerging disease threats. Biosurveillance, the systematic monitoring of airborne inoculum, offers the opportunity to detect pathogens before symptoms appear and informs timely, risk-based management. Recent advances in air sampling, molecular diagnostics, metagenomics, and imaging technologies have expanded the scale and resolution of pathogen monitoring, from single-species qPCR assays to community-level aerobiome surveys. Integration of biosurveillance data with decision-support systems, remote sensing, and artificial intelligence is transforming early-warning capabilities and providing novel insights into pathogen ecology, evolution, and fungicide resistance. Yet major challenges remain, including assay standardization, data interpretation, and translation into actionable tools for growers. This review synthesizes current approaches, highlights case studies in which biosurveillance has advanced disease management, and outlines future directions toward coordinated surveillance networks and precision agriculture applications.
The effect of floor cleaning on bacteria, organic materials and particles in the patients' rooms was studied at Ullevål University Hospital, Oslo, Norway. Four cleaning methods were compared; dust-adhesive (dry), humified, wet mopping, and regular wet washing (RWW) without a mop. The following tests were taken from the floor before and after cleaning: bacterial counts (colony forming units = CFU) and ATP (presence of organic materials), and from the air: CFU/m3 air, and particle counts/m3 air. Humified mopping and dry mopping reduced the bacterial counts from the floor by 75% and 55% respectively (p = 0.005 and p = 0.014, using contact medium). The wet mopping had no statistically significant effect, while the wet washing even increased the CFU on the floor by 35-50% (p = 0.017 with contact medium, and p = 0.028 with petrifilm). The two wet methods were the most effective, however, in removing organic materials from the floor; 65% to 70% reduction (p = 0.051 and p =0.008). The CFU/m3 air was low both before (50-130 CFU/m3) and after (70-110 CFU/m3) cleaning. A slight increase in airborne particles was measured after dry mopping. Combined use of humified mopping and wet mopping is recommended, but is dependent on a well prepared and finished floor surface.
At joint replacement operations local air suction is used to reduce the air pollution from organic solvents in the operation theatre during insertion of cement and prosthesis. In order to find out whether the local suction in an ultraclean-air operation theatre with laminar airflow influenced the number of colony forming units (cfu) of bacterial in vicinity of the wound, one m3 of air was sampled 20 cm and one metre from the wound before, during and after use of local suction during insertion of cement and prosthesis using a Sartorius membrane filter sampler. There was no significant difference between the groups in the numbers of cfu of bacteria found. It is concluded that use of local air suction over the operative area while cementing hip prosthesis does not affect the number of bacteria in the vicinity of the operation.