PubMed · 5657005
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H J Cohen. 1968-07-11. Joggers' petechiae.. https://doi.org/10.1056/nejm196807112790221
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The endurance time provides a convenient means to assess muscle fatigue resistance. The purpose of the experiments was to study endurance time characteristics of human ankle dorsiflexion and plantarflexion as a function of level of contraction. Nine subjects (four men, five women) were examined. The experimental protocol consisted of determining each individual maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) before each fatiguing experiment and undertaking only one fatiguing isometric contraction (dorsiflexion or plantarflexion) per day. Each subject produced at least six plantarflexion and six dorsiflexion contractions chosen from 15% to 90% MVC. An exponential model was fit to data for each individual and was then fit to the pooled data. The variance accounted for was over 99% for both dorsiflexion and plantarflexion mean values. As expected, endurance time declined as the contraction level increased. Plantarflexing responses presented a higher variation from subject to subject than for dorsiflexing. Inter-subject variability primarily seemed to involve a change in the shape of the endurance curve rather than a shift of the curve. When the data were pooled, the exponential curve had parameters similar to the average of the individual fits. Human ankle dorsiflexion and plantarflexion endurance times as a function of level of contraction were found to be similar under the present experimental conditions.
BACKGROUND: Arterial bypasses performed for limb salvage have increasingly used peroneal and pedal arteries as outflow. However, few reports have been published that compare the patency of limb salvage of these alternative outflow tracts. In this report, we have examined our experience with peroneal and dorsalis pedis (DP) artery bypasses for limb salvage. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Of more than 3,000 infrainguinal reconstructions performed for limb salvage, 732 were completed to the peroneal artery. During the same period, 238 bypasses were performed to the DP artery. Patient demographics were similar in both groups. The in situ technique was used in 68% of the peroneal bypasses and in 66% of the DP bypasses, respectively. Translocated veins were used in 28% of bypasses, and spliced veins were used in 32%. RESULTS: Secondary patency rates for the DP bypass at 1 and 5 years were 89% and 67%, respectively, as compared with 89% and 78% for the peroneal artery bypass. Limb salvage rates for the DP bypass were 94% at 1 year and 86% at 5 years, as compared with 96% and 93% at 1 and 5 years, respectively, for the peroneal artery bypass. No statistical difference was found. Four (1.7%) hemodynamic failures occurred in the DP group and 10 (1.4%) in the peroneal group. Wound complications were seen in 9 (3%) patients in the DP group and in 11 (1.5%) in the peroneal group. CONCLUSION: This experience indicates that both peroneal and DP bypasses have acceptable patency and limb salvage rates. Selection of one of these two outflow tracts, where a choice exists, may depend on the conduit limitation and adjacent tissue infection; however, both outflow tracts are durable and hemodynamically effective for limb salvage.
To study the effects of muscle paralysis on joint mobility, we compared eight premature infants treated with pancuronium bromide with a control group. A significant reduction was observed in hip and knee flexion, and in ankle dorsal extension, which tended to resolve in time. We conclude that muscle paralysis reduces the mobility of selected joints; spontaneous activity appears to prevent long-term contractures.