PubMed · 5666143
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M Zuckerman, K Link. 1968. Construct validity for the sensation-seeking scale.. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0026047
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Different methods have been developed in the past to prevent patients from developing pressure sores. The consensus guidelines developed in the Netherlands make a distinction between preventive methods useful for all patients, methods useful only in individual cases, and methods which are not useful at all. This study explores the extent of use of the different methods within Dutch hospitals, and the knowledge and beliefs of nurses regarding the usefulness of these methods. A mail questionnaire was sent to a representative sample of nurses working within Dutch hospitals. A total of 373 questionnaires were returned and used for the analyses. The results showed that many methods judged by the consensus report as not useful, or only useful in individual cases, are still being used. Some methods which are judged as useful, like the use of a risk assessment scale, are used on only a few wards. The opinion of nurses regarding the usefulness of the methods differ from the guidelines of the consensus committee. Although there is agreement about most of the useful methods, there is less agreement about the methods which are useful in individual cases or methods which are not useful at all. In particular the use of massage and cream are, in the opinion of the nurses, useful in individual or in all cases.
Fluorescence spectra of hematoporphyrin IX (Hp) in water and in aqueous SDS solutions are obtained in the pH range 0.1 to 13 to determine the ionisation state of the molecule as a function of pH. In water, the spectra are complicated by aggregation which is quite severe near pH 4. In aqueous SDS, the aggregation is much less violent. Factor analysis (FA) is used to identify five species in the fluorescence spectra in each series of solutions. The distribution curve of these species as a function of pH is also obtained. By comparing the spectra and the distribution curve of Hp with those of HPPEEA, an ethanolamide derivative of Hp that does not contain the carboxylic groups (Part 3), the species are identified. For Hp in water we have obtained the following species: the dication in two allotropic forms in the pH range 0 to 5; the monocation (with the charge on an imino nitrogen) in the pH range 2 to 7; and the free base in the pH range 3.5 to 13. The monocation observed by the second derivative technique revealed three subspecies. For Hp in aqueous SDS we have obtained the following species; one dication in the pH range 0 to near 4; one monocation (with the charge on an imino nitrogen) in the pH range 0.5 to 9; three free bases (with no charge on the imino nitrogen) in the pH range 4 to 13. Of the latter, one species is the neutral molecule, another is a dianion (with the charges on the carboxylic side chains), and the third one appearing at pH higher than 10 is an allotropic form of the dianion.
The 5-factor approach (FFA) to personality description has been represented as a comprehensive and compelling rubric for assessment. In this article, various misgivings about the FFA are delineated. The algorithmic method of factor analysis may not provide dimensions that are incisive. The "discovery" of the five factors may be influenced by unrecognized constraints on the variable sets analyzed. Lexical analyses are based on questionable conceptual and methodological assumptions, and have achieved uncertain results. The questionnaire version of the FFA has not demonstrated the special merits and sufficiencies of the five factors settled upon. Serious uncertainties have arisen in regard to the claimed 5-factor structure and the substantive meanings of the factors. Some implications of these problems are drawn.