PubMed · 5730942
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E Emminger. 1968-11-30. [Drowning].. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/5730942/
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In a group of 387 drowned subjects and 50 control subjects the author investigated the presence and amount of fluid in the paranasal sinuses: in the cavity of the sphenoid bone and in the right and left maxillary sinus in conjunction with other signs supporting the diagnosis of drowning (presence of Paltauf spots, pulmonary aqueous emphysema, fluid in the stomach, drop of chlorides, creatinine and urea in the left heart). Fluid in the paranasal sinuses was found in 289 (74.4%) of the drowned subjects and in one control subject (2%).
The authors discuss the basic types of the mechanism of drowning and different findings on necropsy. They draw attention to some endogenous and exogenous factors which participate in the development and course of drowning and changes which occur when the corpse is in water for prolonged periods. On examples from practice they demonstrate difficulties which may influence the diagnosis, in particular uncommon interferences with the organism.