PubMed · 5782128
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1969-05-22. How do small molecules do great things?. https://doi.org/10.1056/nejm196905222802112
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Retrovirus-mediated gene transfer was used to study the effects of dysregulated expression of the zinc-finger transcription factor, GATA-1, which has been shown to be required for erythropoiesis. A retroviral vector (PGK-GATA-1) was constructed with the murine GATA-1 gene linked to the human phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) promoter. Expression of GATA-1 was demonstrated by super-shift analysis with a monoclonal antibody against murine GATA-1 using extracts of nonerythroid cytotoxic T-lymphocyte line (CTLL) cells transduced with the PGK-GATA-1 virus. Mouse bone marrow cells were transduced in vitro and transplanted into recipient animals. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis performed on DNA extracted from peripheral blood 12 to 40 weeks posttransplantation demonstrated the presence of the PGK-GATA-1 provirus. Proviral integrity and copy number were demonstrated by Southern blot analysis of DNA from spleen, thymus, and bone marrow tissues from the long-term animals. At 16 weeks posttransplant, animals that received cells transduced by the GATA-1 virus maintained a lower white blood cell (WBC) count and absolute neutrophil count (ANC) and a higher red blood cell (RBC) count than control animals that received cells transduced with a virus containing a neor gene. Erythropoiesis was stimulated in GATA-1 and control animals by phlebotomy. GATA-1 animals required more extensive phlebotomy to reach a hematocrit less than 25 and their hematocrit returned to normal levels sooner than control animals. The effect of twice-daily injections of 10 U recombinant erythropoietin (epo) was also examined. The hematocrit of GATA-1 animals showed a more rapid and elevated response to epo than the hematocrit of control animals. These data suggest that dysregulated expression of GATA-1 in primitive hematopoietic cells enlarges the pool of epo-responsive erythroid progenitor cells.
OBJECTIVE: Assay of spectrin in erythrocytes as a diagnostic test in hereditary spherocytosis (HS). DESIGN: Validation of a diagnostic test. SETTING: Central Laboratory of the Netherlands Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. METHOD: A radiolabelled rabbit antiserum against human spectrin was used to determine the amount of spectrin in erythrocytes from 64 patients with proven or supposed HS, suffering from inborn, sometimes familial anaemia and a decreased osmotic resistance of the erythrocytes. These amounts of spectrin were compared with those of 12 patients with decreased osmotic resistance suffering from haemolytic anaemia of unknown cause, 16 patients with various other erythrocyte disorders and 30 healthy blood donors. RESULTS: The intradonor and interdonor variations in the amount of spectrin in erythrocytes from healthy blood donors were found to be less than 7%. In 56 of the 64 patients with HS (88%), the erythrocytes contained less than 86% of the normal amount of spectrin. A similar result was found in 4 of the 12 patients suffering from non-characterised haemolytic anaemia (33%). In contrast, a normal amount of spectrin was found in the erythrocytes of patients with other erythrocytic disorders. CONCLUSION: The radio-immunoassay of spectrin in erythrocytes is more specific for the diagnosis of HS than the osmotic fragility test of the erythrocytes. The normal amount of spectrin found in 8 of the 64 patients possibly suffering from HS may be due to a rare molecular origin of HS not leading to a decreased spectrin level or may be related to other causes of anaemia than HS.
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