PubMed · 5786554
The source did not provide an abstract. Follow the original record for more information.
Explore connections, maps & timelines
W H Stickel. 1969. What should we publish?. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/5786554/
Cite the original work for its findings. Save a collection to share your selection of sources.
KEEP EXPLORING
The association between pesticide exposure and Parkinson's disease (PD) is substantial, but heterogeneity in methodology and lack of categorization according to the type of exposure and pesticide classes in previous meta-analyses impair the interpretation of data. This study aims to update evidence of the association between pesticide exposure and PD. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies investigating associations between pesticide exposure and PD according to the type of pesticide exposure and pesticide class. We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science until July 2024. Reviewers screened titles and abstracts. Afterward, reviewers reanalyzed the selection criteria and extracted the data based on the full paper. Meta-analyses were conducted to assess the association between pesticide exposure and PD. A total of 124 studies were eligible. There is a lack of diversity in the populations represented and a high variability in methodology among the included studies. Considering only studies with any type of exposure, we found a positive association of PD with any pesticide class and herbicides. Occupational exposure was associated with PD for all pesticide classes except for fungicides. Exclusive household pesticide exposure was also associated with PD. Pesticide exposure remains a significant environmental risk factor for the development of PD, regardless of the type of exposure. Herbicides are the pesticide class with the most substantial evidence of association with the disease. Further studies with new methods of pesticide exposure measurement, innovative design studies, and the inclusion of underrepresented populations are still needed.
The applicability of tandem mass spectrometric (MS-MS) scan modes such as constant neutral-loss and precursor-ion scanning to screen for unknown transformation products (TPs) of pesticides at environmentally relevant concentrations (low-microng/l level) is studied. The selection of the MS-MS scan modes is based on the product-ion scan of the parent pesticide, and TPs are detected which are unaltered in the part of the structure concerned. The screening approach is applied to a surface water sample spiked with atrazine and three known TPs at a level of 3 microg/l to study the possibility to extract the TPs from the total ion chromatogram. Next, the approach is used to identify unknown TPs formed after (bio)degradation of two test compounds, fenchlorazole-ethyl (FCE) and furathiocarb (FTC). By using the precursor-ion scan mode, two TPs were detected after biodegradation of FCE, fenchlorazole-methyl and fenchlorazole; in surface water only fenchlorazole was found. The constant neutral-loss scan mode was used to identify carbofuran as TP of FTC. The added value of the proposed procedure is the increased selectivity at the cost of sensitivity. Best results are, therefore, obtained for samples which contain large amounts of matrix constituents.
A lot of data and information are available regarding the presence of pesticides in ground-waters or their tendency to contaminate them. Despite this, for a very large number of pesticides these data and information are almost completely lacking. Many theoretical methods have been proposed to predict the leaching potential of pesticides. Persistence (expressed by DT50) and mobility (expressed by Koc) are key parameters that seem to be particularly representative of the overall leaching potential of nonionic compounds and they are widely used in these methods. Nevertheless, these parameters may vary greatly causing sharp differences in ranking the leaching potential of pesticides. Indeed, when the GUS Index is calculated using the available published values of Koc and DT50 in combinations representing the minimum, medium and maximum leaching potential of herbicides, very different results can be obtained. Many of these compounds can be classified as contaminants or non contaminants, depending on the type of combination used.