PubMed · 5863585
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D L Lindsley. 1965. Chromosome function at the supragenic level.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/5863585/
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Chaetoceros socialis is a cosmopolitan diatom species that is crucial for maintaining marine ecosystem structure and driving elemental cycles. C. socialis can form harmful algal blooms (HABs) that may cause a negative impact on the marine ecosystems. Whole-genome information for C. socialis is still unavailable, which may hinder more targeted studies on its ecological adaptive responses and evolutionary drivers. To address this gap, we employed cutting-edge genomic technologies including PacBio single-molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing and high-throughput chromatin conformation capture (Hi-C) to achieve the first chromosome-level genome assembly of C. socialis. The assembled genome is 60.22 Mb in size with a scaffold N50 of 7.81 Mb and has been anchored to eight pseudochromosomes. A total of 13,378 protein-coding genes were predicted, of which 12,069 (90.22%) were functionally annotated. This high-quality genomic resource provides a fundamental data platform for systematically elucidating the ecological adaptation mechanisms of C. socialis.
Vermilion Snapper (Rhomboplites aurorubens, Lutjanidae) inhabits deep waters (20-300 m) from North America to Brazil and supports significant commercial and recreational fisheries. Despite its economic importance, the understanding of its basic biology remains limited. Classified as Vulnerable on the Red List due to overfishing, populations have declined by over 30% in recent generations. We assembled and annotated the first chromosome-scale genome of this species by combining PacBio long reads, Illumina short reads, and Hi-C data. The resulting assembly is 987.5 Mbp, with a scaffold N50 size of 41.3 Mbp, and includes 135 contigs clustered and ordered onto 24 chromosomes with 34,496 predicted genes. The high-quality assembly and annotation contained about 98% complete and single-copy BUSCO genes. It is the most complete, chromosome-level genome assembly of an Atlantic snapper to date. The genome assembly and supporting data are valuable tools for ecological and comparative genomics studies of snappers and other valuable commercial species within the family.
Chromosome replication origins were mapped in vivo in the two hyperthermophilic archaea, Sulfolobus acidocaldarius and Sulfolobus solfataricus, by using microarray-based marker frequency analysis. Bidirectional replication was found to be initiated in near synchrony from three separate sites in both organisms. Two of the three replication origins in each species were located in the vicinity of a cdc6/orc1 replication initiation gene, whereas no known replication-associated gene could be identified near the third origin in either organism. In contrast to initiation, replication termination occurred asynchronously, such that certain replication forks continued to progress for >40 min after the others had terminated. In each species, all replication forks advanced at similar DNA polymerization rates; this was found to be an order of magnitude below that displayed by Escherichia coli and thus closer to eukaryotic elongation rates. In S. acidocaldarius, a region containing short regularly spaced repeats was found to hybridize aberrantly, as compared to the rest of the chromosome, raising the possibility of a centromere-like function.