PubMed · 5865807
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R Dòmini, D Marrano, C Steger, L Tono. 1965-10-09. [The carcinoids].. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/5865807/
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Carcinoid tumors are relatively rare neuroendocrine malignancies with an indolent clinical behavior. The majority of cases arise within the gastrointestinal tract, but they may also be encountered in other organs such as the bronchial system. While occurrence of carcinoid tumors has been reported in association with the multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) type I syndrome, no clear-cut risk factors have been established for the development of these malignancies. We report the case of a 50-year-old woman who was diagnosed with a pulmonary carcinoid in 2001 after having undergone allogeneic stem cell transplantation for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in 1997. This is the first case report of a carcinoid tumor following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. At the moment, however, an association with CML as well as a causative role of transplantation and intake of immunosuppressants remains speculative. Apart from highlighting the occurrence of a carcinoid in this setting, our case again underscores the importance of nuclear medicine methods, i.e., somatostatin receptor scintigraphy, in staging and follow-up of patients with carcinoid tumors.
This study evaluates the possibility of treating Bon1 and QGP pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor cells with radioactive iodide ((131)I) after stable transfection with the thyroid sodium iodide symporter (NIS). NIS expression was driven either by the strong viral cytomegalovirus promoter or by the tissue-specific chromogranin A promoter. Using either approach, NIS expression was confirmed by reverse transcription-PCR and Western blotting. Uptake of radioactive iodide was increased approximately 20-fold by chromogranin A promoter-driven NIS expression and approximately 50-fold by cytomegalovirus promoter-driven NIS expression. Maximal uptake was reached within 15 min in QGP cells and 30 min in Bon1 cells. Effective half-life was 5 min in QGP and 30 min in Bon1 cells. No evidence of organification was detected by high-performance liquid chromatography and gel filtration chromatography. (131)I was a highly effective treatment in NIS-expressing QGP and Bon1 cells, reducing clone formation by 99.83 and 98.75%, respectively, in the in vitro clonogenic assay. In contrast, clone formation was not reduced in QGP and Bon1 cells without NIS expression after incubation with the same activity concentration of (131)I as compared with mock treated cells. Absorbed doses to QGP and Bon1 cells are up to 150 and 30 Gy, respectively. In addition, a direct cytotoxic effect of radioiodide was demonstrated in NIS-expressing Bon1 cells after (131)I incubation. In conclusion, radioiodide treatment after NIS gene transfer appears to be a promising novel approach in the therapy of neuroendocrine tumors if its highly encouraging in vitro effectiveness can be transferred to the in vivo situation.
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