PubMed · 5912568
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H H Meredith. 1966. Platitudes or performance?. https://doi.org/10.1080/00022470.1966.10468517
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Capturing the spatiotemporal distribution of pollutants in industrial parks remains challenging for regional air quality models because of their coarse resolution (3 km), resulting in uncertainties in local emission quantification. To address this, we developed the Integrated Multiscale Air Quality Modelling System for Industry (IAQMS-Industry), coupling the regional Nested Air Quality Prediction Modelling System (NAQPMS) with a city-scale chemical transport model. This framework integrates point-source locations and Gaussian plume dispersion to simulate particulate matter with a diameter smaller than 2.5 micrometres (PM2.5) at 100 m resolution. Applied to the Beijing Yi Zhuang and Tangshan industrial parks and evaluated against observations. The coupled model achieved a normalized mean bias (NMB) ranging from 3.1 % to 6.2 %, improving upon NAQPMS (-16.9 % to -7.7 %). Spatial analysis revealed that coarse regional grids underestimated the PM2.5​ concentrations at industrial sites by smoothing gradients, whereas IAQMS-Industry successfully resolved spatial patterns. Industrial point emissions accounted for 22.9 %-26.4 % of PM2.5 in the coupled model, which was significantly greater than the regional model estimates of 1.6 %-13.7 %. These findings indicate that regional models overestimate pollutant dispersion processes in industrial parks while underestimating local industrial impacts. By explicitly resolving point-source dynamics and linking them to regional transport, IAQMS-Industry provides a robust tool for designing targeted emission controls in industrial cities and balancing local air quality improvements with minimized regional pollution outflow. This study underscores the necessity of multiscale modelling for accurate source apportionment and informed environmental governance in industrial zones.
Distributions of 1,3-dinitropyrene (1,3-DNP), 1,6-DNP, 1,8-DNP, 1-nitropyrene (1-NP) and mutagenicity in airborne particulates collected in downtown Kanazawa, Japan with an Andersen high-volume air sampler were examined. Mutagenicities of benzene-ethanol extract from particulates were determined by the Ames test using S. typhimurium strains without S9 mix, while concentrations of DNPs and 1-NP were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using chemiluminescence detection. In the finest particulate fraction (smaller than 1.1 microns), 68% and 75% of the total mutagenicities were observed in TA98 and YG1024 strains, respectively. In the same fraction, 65-82% of three DNPs as well as 84% of 1-NP were observed. Mutagenic contributions of 1,3-DNP, 1,6-DNP, 1,8-DNP and 1-NP in the extract were respectively 0.6, 1.2, 1.8 and 1.6% in the TA98 strain, and 2.5, 5, 9 and 2.1% in the YG1024 strain.
OBJECTIVE: To examine the possible role of weather and air pollution in sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) and suffocation. METHODS: Poisson regression analysis was carried out to measure the association between daily rates of SIDS per 1000 live births and daily average values of visibility and temperature in Taiwan between 1981 and 1991. The optimetrical measure of air pollution was used to represent pollution over a whole area rather than at a point source. RESULTS: Mortality from SIDS per 1000 live births was 3.3 times greater in the lowest category of visibility on the day of death than in the highest category; this rate ratio was 3.4 for the average visibility during the 9 days before death. Adjustment for population size, season, level of urbanization, incidence of deaths from respiratory tract infections, temperature, air pressure, sunshine, rainfall, relative humidity, and windspeed increased these rate ratios to 3.8 and 5.1, respectively. This suggests that the relationship between air pollution and SIDS is not biased by ecological confounders. For temperature the rate ratios were between 3.3 and 4.0. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings confirm the association of climatic temperature and air pollution with SIDS.