PubMed · 59807
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D E Comings. 1976. Chromosome structure and chromosome banding.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/59807/
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This paper deals with a classification method for human chromosome samples. A new method is proposed based on the integrated intensity profile obtained by scanning a microphotograph of chromosome sample prepared by the banding technique. Theoretical as well as experimental investigations are made. As a means of representation, Legendre polynomial series is found suitable for describing the characteristics of the chromosome in its classification. The proposed method aims at a simplified realization of a classification system. A preliminary system is constructed which consists of a ligth-pen and a television system. The proposed system is quite simple compared with the traditional ones and still exhibits satisfactory performances in the recognition rate, number of required parameters per sample, and some other important features.
Using DAPI staining after pretreatment with distamycin A we detected a familial deficiency of chromosome 16 heterochromatin. A distinct positively staining band, however, was seen after C-banding. Thus, by using these different heterochromatin staining methods, heterogeneity of the constitutive heterochromatin in the centromeric region of human chromosome 16 was indicated. The same C-banding procedure was also applied to a previously described familial deficiency of chromosome 9 heterochromatin evidenced using distamycin A/DAPI staining and G 11 staining (Buys et al., 1979). In this case a C-band appeared to be virtually absent on the relevant chromosome. These staining methods may be valuable tools in the study of chromosome polymorphisms.
A variant chromosome no. 21 consisting of two stalks and two satellites in tandem was detected during a survey of a human isolate. The variant segregated in three generations of a large kindred. One male had the variant no. 21, a metacentric Y, and a 47,XXY complement; however, no other evidence of chromosomal nondisjunction was found. Computer-aided analysis of sequentially stained variant no. 21 chromosomes indicated that silver-stained material corresponded to the proximal stalk region (as defined by Giemsa), but often covered both the distal stalk and satellite (also as defined by Giemsa). These data support the hypothesis that human nucleolar organizers are localized to the stalks of acrocentric chromosomes.