PubMed · 6073864
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R S Rodger. 1967. Type I errors and their decision basis.. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8317.1967.tb00377.x
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Controlled medical vocabularies are useful in application areas such as medical information systems and decision-support systems. However, such vocabularies are large and complex, and working with them can be daunting. It is important to provide a means for orienting vocabulary designers and users to the vocabulary's contents. We describe a methodology for partitioning a vocabulary based on an IS-A hierarchy into small meaningful pieces. The methodology uses our disciplined modeling framework to refine the IS-A hierarchy according to prescribed rules in a process carried out by a user in conjunction with the computer. The partitioning of the hierarchy implies a partitioning of the vocabulary. We demonstrate the methodology with respect to a complex sample of the MED, an existing medical vocabulary.
Weathering of fuel particles and the subsequent leaching of radionuclides causes 90Sr mobility in Chernobyl soils to increase with time after deposition. Studies of 90Sr speciation in soils collected in 1995 and 1996 from the Chernobyl 30-km exclusion zone have been used to calculate rates of fuel particles dissolution under natural environmental conditions. Results show that the velocity of fuel particle dissolution is primarily dependent on the physico-chemical characteristics of the particles and partially dependent on soil acidity. Compared to other areas, the fuel particle dissolution rate is significantly lower in the contaminated areas to the west of the Chernobyl reactor where deposited particles were presumably not oxidized prior to release. The data have been used to derive mathematical models that describe the rate of radionuclide leaching from fuel particles in the exclusion zone and changes in soil-to-plant transfer as a function of particle type and soil pH.
This paper reports the development of methods for calculating a ventilation performance metric that is a measure of the airflow pattern in a room or zone of a multi-zone ventilation system. Temporal mixing theory is used as the basis for these methods. The methods are applicable to all ventilated systems that can be modeled as a set of interconnected chambers. Relations between the ventilation performance metric defined in this paper and those defined previously are derived. The theoretical results of this paper are consistent with published experimental findings. They also illustrate that the conclusions in some experimental studies about the airflow patterns in working buildings may be incorrect. Re-analysis of previously published data illustrates how common features of mechanically ventilated buildings, such as recirculation of return air and multiple chambers, confound information about airflow patterns in tracer gas data. The calculation methods developed in this paper can be used to undo this confounding.