PubMed · 6103467
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P Stenberg, P Henriksson, I M Nilsson. 1980-05-24. Factor XIII deficiency.. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(80)91581-0
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Factor FXIII (FXIII) is a plasma transglutaminase that catalyzes the cross link formation between fibrin chains to stabilize the clot. Beside it s function in hemostasis FXIII has a role in wound healing and embryo implantation--processes that involve angiogenesis. In this review we discuss the role of FXIII in angiogenesis and the molecular mechanisms underlying its pro-angiogenic effect. In addition, FXIII role in wound repair is discussed.
Human fibrinogen 1 is homodimeric with respect to its gamma chains (gammaA-gammaA'), whereas fibrinogen 2 molecules each contain one gammaA (gammaA1-411V) and one gamma' chain, which differ by containing a unique C-terminal sequence from gamma'408 to 427L that binds thrombin and factor XIII. We investigated the structural and functional features of these fibrins and made several observations. First, thrombin-treated fibrinogen 2 produced finer, more branched clot networks than did fibrin 1. These known differences in network structure were attributable to delayed release of fibrinopeptide (FP) A from fibrinogen 2 by thrombin, which in turn was likely caused by allosteric changes at the thrombin catalytic site induced by thrombin exosite 2 binding to the gamma' chains. Second, cross-linking of fibrin gamma chains was virtually the same for both types of fibrin. Third, the acceleratory effect of fibrin on thrombin-mediated XIII activation was more prominent with fibrin 1 than with fibrin 2, and this was also attributable to allosteric changes at the catalytic site induced by thrombin binding to gamma' chains. Fourth, fibrinolysis of fibrin 2 was delayed compared with fibrin 1. Altogether, differences between the structure and function of fibrins 1 and 2 are attributable to the effects of thrombin binding to gamma' chains.
Coagulation factor XIII, a zymogen present in blood as a tetramer (A2B2) of A- and B-domains, is one of the components of many "wound sealants" which are proposed for use or currently in use as effective hemostatic agents, sealants, and tissue adhesives in surgery. After activation by alpha-thrombin cleavage, coagulation factor XIII A-domain, a transglutaminase, is formed and catalyzes the covalent cross-linking of the alpha- and gamma-chains of linear fibrin to form homopolymers, which can quickly stop bleeding. We have successfully expressed the A-domain of factor XIII in both plant cell cultures and whole plants. Transgenic plant cell culture allows a rapid method for testing production feasibility while expression in whole plants demonstrates an economic production system for recombinant human plasma-based proteins. The expressed factor XIII A-domain had a similar size as that of human plasma-derived factor XIII. Crude plant extract containing recombinant factor XIII A-domain showed transglutaminase activity with monodansylcadaverine and casein as substrates and cross-linking activity in the presence of linear fibrin. The expression of factor XIII A-domain was not affected by plant leaf position.