PubMed Health⌕ Search
Home/Archive/PubMed

PubMed · 6184294

[Polyneuropathies. Clinical aspects and experimental principles].

H Woelk
View original source ↗Export metadata ↓

Abstract

Polyneuropathies are diffuse diseases of the peripheral nervous system. Pathological and anatomical investigations of the nerve fibres show that alterations of the peripheral axon and myelin are most significant at the distal end of the nerve fibres. Alcoholic polyneuropathy primarily affects the axon; during the chronic course of the disease, however, the myelin sheath is involved into the pathological process. Polyneuropathies are characterized by a deficiency and metabolic disturbance of the vitamins B1, B6 and B12. The vitamins of the B-group not only play an important role in the intermediate metabolism, but in paticular pathological situations high concentrations of the vitamins are necessary at a cellular and subcellular level. The experimental allergic neuritis (EAN) may be considered as a model of polyneuropathies characterized by disturbances of myelin metabolism. EAN was induced by the injection of human peripheral nerve homogenate the complete Freund's adjuvants. During EAN a marked reduction of phosphatidylinositol, sulfatides and serine-plasmalogen as well as a significant increase of phospholipase A2 activity could be observed.

Explore related subjects

AlcoholismAnimalsAvitaminosisAxonsDiabetic NeuropathiesHumansLipid MetabolismMyelin Basic ProteinMyelin ProteinsMyelin SheathNeuritis, Autoimmune, ExperimentalPolyneuropathiesPolyradiculoneuropathyRabbitsEnglish AbstractJournal Article

Keep this discovery

Explore connections, maps & timelines

BibTeXRIS

H Woelk. 1982-10-07. [Polyneuropathies. Clinical aspects and experimental principles].. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6184294/

Cite the original work for its findings. Save a collection to share your selection of sources.

KEEP EXPLORING

Related citations

PubMed2007

How does alcohol impair neuronal migration?

Maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy can cause serious birth defects, of which fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) is the most devastating. Recognized by characteristic craniofacial abnormalities and growth deficiency, this condition produces severe alcohol-induced damage in the developing brain. FAS children experience ataxia; deficits in intellectual functioning; and difficulties in learning, memory, problem solving, and attention. Multiple aspects of central nervous system development can be affected by alcohol exposure, but the most striking abnormalities are neuronal and glial migration. Little is known about cellular mechanisms by which alcohol affects the migration of immature neurons. Recently, it has been found that Ca(2+) signaling and cyclic nucleotide signaling are the central targets of the action of alcohol in neuronal cell migration. Most importantly, the aberrant migration of immature neurons caused by alcohol exposure is significantly ameliorated by controlling the activity of these second-messenger pathways. In this Mini-Review, we first describe how alcohol exposure impairs the migration of cerebellar granule cells and then discuss the signaling mechanisms involved.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed2007

The alcoholic lung: epidemiology, pathophysiology, and potential therapies.

Epidemiological evidence gathered only in the past decade reveals that alcohol abuse independently increases the risk of developing the acute respiratory distress syndrome by as much as three- to fourfold. Experimental models and clinical studies are beginning to elucidate the mechanisms underlying this previously unrecognized association and are revealing for the first time that chronic alcohol abuse causes discrete changes, particularly within the alveolar epithelium, that render the lung susceptible to acute edematous injury in response to sepsis, trauma, and other inflammatory insults. Recent studies in relevant animal models as well as in human subjects are identifying common mechanisms by which alcohol abuse targets both the alveolar epithelium and the alveolar macrophage, such that the risks for acute lung injury and pulmonary infections are inextricably linked. Specifically, chronic alcohol ingestion decreases the levels of the antioxidant glutathione within the alveolar space by as much as 80-90%, and, as a consequence, impairs alveolar epithelial surfactant production and barrier integrity, decreases alveolar macrophage function, and renders the lung susceptible to oxidant-mediated injury. These changes are often subclinical and may not manifest as detectable lung impairment until challenged by an acute insult such as sepsis or trauma. However, even otherwise healthy alcoholics have evidence of severe oxidant stress in the alveolar space that correlates with alveolar epithelial and macrophage dysfunction. This review focuses on the epidemiology and the pathophysiology of alcohol-induced lung dysfunction and discusses potential new treatments suggested by recent experimental findings.

Alcoholism↗