PubMed · 628348
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D Aanes, L Haagenson. 1978. Normalization: attention to a conceptual disaster.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/628348/
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A model for evaluating the costs and benefits of smoking-cessation interventions is proposed and published data on the subject are analyzed. Decision-tree analysis was used to determine the costs and benefits, from an employer's perspective, of several smoking-cessation options. The probability that a smoker would stop smoking was based on two published meta-analyses of smoking-cessation interventions and a national study of nicotine patch users who received a smoking-cessation consultation from a pharmacist. The costs were determined by telephone interviews and market research information. A sensitivity analysis of treatment costs was conducted to determine the optimal treatment from the standpoint of costs versus benefits. The smoking-cessation intervention from which an employer would receive the greatest net benefit is the nicotine patch with smoking-cessation consultation from a pharmacist and patient participation in a formal smoking-cessation program. Pharmacists included in this analysis could charge a smoking-cessation consultation fee of up to $109 per patient. Pharmacoeconomic analysis suggested that smoking-cessation therapy consisting of treatment with nicotine patches, consultations with pharmacists, and participation in a comprehensive behavioral program would be the most cost-beneficial to employers.
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