PubMed · 6394295
Thoracic vascular anatomy is described, and intrathoracic pathology involving both high and low pressure vasculature is reviewed.
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P Rosen, M F Murphy. 1983. Thoracic vascular pathologies.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6394295/
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Aneurysms of the sinus of Valsalva are rare. We report here the case of a 56-year-old man with a ruptured aneurysm of sinus of Valsalva with flow into the right ventricle which was diagnosed non-invasively by 64-row multi-slice computed tomographic (CT) imaging. The right sinus of Valsalva aneurysm rupturing into the right ventricular outflow region might be silent or symptomless in many cases. The patient also had mild symptom. For anatomical demonstration, contrast-enhanced CT was performed. Although the ruptured sinus of Valsalva was initially diagnosed by echocardiography, CT images did give our surgeons a better three-dimensional appreciation when surgical repair was performed. Multi-slice CT imaging should be considered the technique of choice for both diagnosis and follow-up examination of the aneurysm of sinus of Valsalva and its rupture.
OBJECTIVE: Severe chest injuries are still associated with significant morbidity and mortality. This systematic review assesses the early operative management of severe chest trauma in multi injured patients with special regard to the priority of the operative therapy. METHODS: Clinical trials were systematically sought and collected (MEDLINE, Cochrane and hand searches). Of 618 abstracts, 46 articles were selected for detailed appraisal and were classified into evidence levels (1 to 5 according to the Oxford system). RESULTS: Penetrating chest injuries in haemodynamically instable patients require emergency operative therapy. A thoracotomy is also indicated in excessive chest tube output (>1500 ml). An aortic rupture can be treated either by open suture or-in borderline patients-by endovascular stenting. In selected haemodynamically stable patients delayed treatment is also possible. Lesions of the tracheobronchial system should be treated urgently with primary surgical repair. Diaphragmatic ruptures should be closed urgently. Surgical stabilisation of rib fractures with an associated flail chest reduces the ventilator days and the length of intensive care unit stay. CONCLUSION: A large part of early surgery for chest injuries is justified because it averts immediate threats to life (level 1c evidence). No randomised and only a few controlled trials have examined the relative value of the different surgical options so far. Long-term data are lacking especially on the safety of endovascular stenting.
Chest injuries can be sustained in isolation or in association with multiple injuries. Life-threatening complications may ensue because organs that are vital to survival of the organism are situated within the thoracic cavity. These complications include airway obstruction, tension pneumothorax, wide open pneumothorax, flail chest, cardiac tamponade and massive hemothorax. The mortality of patients hospitalized with chest injury can be as high as 10%. Clinical examination and awareness of the possibility of other injuries (high level of suspicion) are essential, and standard chest X-ray, ultrasound and thoracic computed tomography may also be needed for the diagnosis. The first part of this serial paper on the management of chest injuries focuses on anatomical aspects, pathophysiology and symptoms, but mainly on the indications for the standard diagnostic procedures and further high-tech examinations.