PubMed · 6416559
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J Blake. 1983-12-03. Road blindness.. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.287.6406.1718-b
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Neck sprain, a common sequela of motor vehicle trauma, is characterised by soft tissue lesions in the facet joints (the capsule), cervical discs (the annulus), ligaments, muscles, and sometimes in the nerve roots or the central nervous system. The cardinal manifestation of whiplash injury is neck pain, which may arise from any innervated part of the injured joints or muscles except the disc nucleus, the articular surface of facet joints, or the flaval ligaments. Pain may be referred to the skin or muscles via the respective sensory nerves. The tissue lesions, together with post-traumatic nerve root degeneration or medullary compression, may give rise to the complex neck sprain syndrome. Localisation of the source of symptoms by means of meticulous physical examination, MRI (magnetic resonance imaging), or accurately sited local anaesthetic injections is described in the article, and operative and multimodal rehabilitation procedures are discussed.
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AIM: To describe trends in motorcycle traffic crashes and compare these trends in other crashes and vehicle registrations. METHOD: National fatality and public hospital inpatient data were used to select cases. Relative changes in both deaths and hospitalisations, and vehicle registrations were examined in each year during the period 1980-98. RESULTS: The results show that deaths and serious injuries to motorcyclists have declined substantially over the period 1980-1995. The trend in serious injuries to motorcyclists closely followed the trend in motorcycle registrations. The association was less evident for motorcyclist fatalities and for occupants there was no clear association with trends in registrations for either outcome. CONCLUSIONS: The reduction in motorcycle injuries has contributed substantially to our improved road safety record. We need to protect these gains but in order to do this we need a clear understanding of how they were achieved. Such an understanding is currently lacking.