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PubMed · 6536137

Surrogate parenting.

S Friedman
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Abstract

The surrogate parenting is a process by which a couple can obtain a baby after the husband's sperm is artificially inseminated into another woman who has agreed to carry the pregnancy at term and to relinquish any claim to the infant. In this paper the author illustrates the structure of an SP program with particular reference to the legal, ethical and medical aspects of this reproductive technique.

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AdoptionEthicsFemaleFertilization in VitroHumansInfertilityJurisprudenceMaleUnited StatesJournal Article

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S Friedman. Surrogate parenting.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6536137/

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A genetic basis for familial aggregation in multiple sclerosis. Canadian Collaborative Study Group.

Genetic-environmental interactions probably underlie spontaneous human autoimmune disorders, a category of complex traits thought to include multiple sclerosis (MS). The geographical distribution and familial aggregation of this disease have often been ascribed to the role of infectious agents, but there is no consensus. Increased family risks range from 300-fold for monozygotic twins to 20-40-fold for biological first-degree relatives over the general population prevalence of 0.1% (ref. 6). We screened a population-based sample of 15,000 individuals with MS by using standardized, personally administered questionnaires to identify adopted index cases and/or those who had adopted relatives. The frequency of MS among first-degree non-biological relatives living with the index case was no greater than expected from Canadian population prevalence data and significantly less than for biological relatives. These findings indicate that familial aggregation of MS is genetically determined: no effect of shared environment was detectable.

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