PubMed · 6547883
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C Engelking, P Sullivan, G Agoliati, Z A Arlin. 1984. Amsacrine administration: a precautionary note.. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00257136
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The mechanisms underlying selective neuronal cell death in kainic acid-mediated neurodegeneration are not fully understood. We have recently demonstrated that in cerebellar granule neurons, kainic acid induces the expression of proteins associated with cell-cycle progression. In the present study we show that 3-amino thioacridone (3-ATA), a selective cyclin-dependent kinase 4 inhibitor, attenuates kainic acid-induced apoptosis in cerebellar granule neurons. When neurons were pre-treated with 3-ATA 10 microM for 24 h, they were less susceptible to damage induced by kainic acid 500 microM, since the number of dead cells decreased significantly. In flow cytometry studies using propidium iodide staining, 3-ATA also reduced the ratio of apoptotic cells induced by kainic acid. Moreover, 3-ATA decreased the proportion of cells with a condensed nucleus from 55% to 22%. Our data suggest that the cell cycle pathway is involved in the mechanism of apoptosis mediated by kainic acid and that cyclin-dependent kinase 4 plays a prominent role in this process. 3-ATA may to prevent the apoptosis associated with neurodegenerative disorders without the over-activation of excitatory amino acid receptors.
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Fluorophore-assisted carbohydrate-electrophoresis (FACE) was developed as a bioassay for environmental stressors in larval Chironomus riparius. This quantitative technique involved acid hydrolysis and 2-aminoacridone labeling of monosaccharides followed by carbohydrate gel electrophoresis. Methods for carbohydrate isolation from whole tissue homogenates as well as migration distances for 23 different monosaccharides and 4 disaccharides were established. Sensitivity of the technique (5 microg/ml saccharide) exceeded those of other detection methods. Results showed seven distinct bands in larvae. Four migrated distances similar to those of ribose, glucose, galactose, and fructose. Three proved to be alternative reaction products (ARP). Experiments determined that two of the ARPs were primarily from glucose and one was from glycogen. FACE allowed different saccharides from multiple larval samples to be analyzed in parallel. Effects of toxicants and diet on bioenergetics could be studied using this technique.