Ventricular septal defect.

Abstract

This article has discussed the ventricular septal defect, its occurrence, physiology, and therapy, and nursing concerns. The VSD, a communication allowing left-to-right shunting of blood at the ventricular level, is the most common congenital heart defect. Surgical correction is often required for large defects before the age of 12 months, and primary correction is now considered standard procedure. Small defects usually close spontaneously, and moderate defects are closely monitored for signs indicating the need for surgical intervention. Nursing care begins with child and family assessment and evaluation of the strengths and weaknesses of the family system. The child's developmental level is a major consideration in formulating interventions for his benefit. Play therapy is a useful vehicle in relating to the child in a nonthreatening manner preoperatively and in allowing the child to work through his hospitalization postoperatively. Maintaining the physical integrity of a child just out of the operating room is a challenge. Continuing support of the family system is a significant aspect of nursing's responsibility toward child and family. Discharge planning and intervention strive to prepare the family for the transition from hospital to home both physically and emotionally.