PubMed · 6565222
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S A Haas. 1984. Sorting out nursing productivity.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6565222/
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There are few good methods of evaluating efficiency in the operating theatres. Data from four operating theatres (gynaecology, gastroenterology, thoracic/vascular-surgery and orthopaedics) during regular working hours (0730-1530) were evaluated for a period of 37 weeks in 1993. A record was made of duration of surgery and the time that elapsed from when the nurses received the patient until he or she was delivered to the postoperative ward. We also registered the time elapsing from the end of one operation to the start of the next. On average 2.2 (thoracic/vascular) to 3.2 (gynaecology) patients were operated on each day. The surgeons spent about 40% of their normal working hours actually operating. Preparations before start of anaesthesia took about 30 minutes, and before surgery 30-40 minutes. Another 30 minutes elapsed from the end of the operation until the patient was delivered to the postoperative ward. We conclude that there may still be a potential for increasing productivity in these operating theatres.
Factors affecting the zero spatial frequency detective quantum efficiency of photoconductor-based x-ray detectors operating in the mammographic energy range are modeled for monoenergetic incident x rays. The problem is separated into two sections: the calculation of the x-ray absorption and the Swank factor. X-ray absorption in this energy range, for most practical photoconductors, is dominated by the photoelectric effect. The Swank factor has four components: fluorescence escape, stochastic variations in gain, variations of gain due to incomplete coupling of charge from the photoconductive layer to the detector electrode, and the nonlinear discharge arising from the field-dependent x-ray gain, an effect that is unique to photoconductors. Calculations are performed for selenium, which is currently the most technologically advanced photoconductor available for digital x-ray imaging. For thicknesses of selenium exceeding 50 microns and for energies between 12 and 50 keV, the detective quantum efficiency of this photoconductor is found to exceed that of a conventional Gd2O2S-based mammographic phosphor screen.
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