PubMed · 6574319
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U Garganese, J Griffin, R Martin. Plasterless articulator.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6574319/
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The purpose of this study was to examine the forces exerted on protruded upper incisors by tooth positioners. Methodologically an in vitro force measurement model was used. The tooth positioners were made of 7 readily available materials commonly used in orthodontics. The study found that the values of the forces, which ranged from 0.4 N to 14.0 N per tooth, are dependent on the material used and the degree of tooth protrusion. In addition, the study analyzed the changes in force over a 3-month period during which time the positioners were stored at 37 degrees +/- 1 degree C in an aqueous environment. This environment corresponds closely to that found in the mouth.
Communication between the restorative dentist and the laboratory technician is essential to establish a predictable esthetic result. Errors in the laboratory can create the need for excessive clinical try-ins and modifications that waste valuable time. This paper reviews the use and potential benefits of a new facial impression system to minimize such esthetic errors. This system provides the laboratory technician with a three-dimensional reference of the local soft tissue frame during the fabrication of restorations. The application of this system to orthognathic surgical template fabrication is also discussed. The objective is to obtain the essential esthetic qualities of dentofacial harmony in the laboratory and not at the chairside. This system is compared with other methods of communication.
The contribution of Francis Balkwill to the understanding of the masticatory system is virtually unknown in this country. In 1866 he presented the results of considerable research on this subject to the Odontological Society of Great Britain, but his observations were ignored and the paper remained 'buried' in the Transactions for nearly 50 years. In 1912 a copy of the paper was to sent to Professor Gysi in Zurich who immediately published a most generous tribute to the value of his work. The observations made in this 1866 paper are reviewed here together with the 'rediscoveries' made by later workers. It is suggested that Balkwill's neglected work was in fact the most far-seeing and comprehensive piece of research on this subject carried out during the 19th Century.