PubMed · 6595175
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H J Kandler. 1984. A practical guide to dental elevators.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6595175/
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The Flex-R file was compared with the Onyx nickel-titanium file in respect to canal center movement and final canal area after balanced-force instrumentation. Forty-two root canals in extracted human molars were divided into two equal groups of 21, in all of which the angle of curvature ranged from 20 to 40 degrees. After mounting in a mold, each root was sectioned at two locations, providing an apical and a coronal section. Pre- and postinstrumentational 35-mm photographic slides of each section were superimposed, projected, traced, and then scanned into a computer. From these computerized pre- and postinstrumentation images, the movement of the canal center and the area of each canal were computed at both the apical and coronal sections. Results showed no significant difference in canal center movement or postinstrumentation area when Flex-R or Onyx files were used at the apical section. Coronally, the Flex-R files demonstrated more movement of the canal center. No significant correlation was found between the angle of root curvature and canal movement or the angle of root curvature and postinstrumentation canal area.
The purpose of this study was to assess and to compare the torsional and bending properties of the Canal Master U (CMU) and Flexogate instruments made of stainless steel and nickel titanium. The bending moment, the torsional moment and angular deflection were measured according to ANSI/ADA specification number 28 and ISO reference number 3630. Ten instruments of each size, sizes 25 to 40 were used for each test. Nickel titanium instruments were significantly more flexible than stainless steel files. With regard to the torsional moment, values obtained were below the standards in all sizes except stainless steel CMU sizes 25, 35 and 40, and nickel titanium CMU size 25. Nickel titanium instrument also showed the highest angular deflection values. There were statistically significant differences between nickel titanium files and stainless steel Flexogates and between stainless steel Flexogates and stainless steel CMU. Based on these findings, the use of nickel titanium CMU and Flexogates is encouraged. Given the perceived advantages of both CMU and Flexogate instruments over conventional files for canal preparation, it would appear desirable to have the torque resistance of these instruments improved.
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