[Hemato-encephalic barriers. Morphologic data].

Abstract

Within the cranio-spinal cavity we can consider three compartments: blood, cerebro-spinal fluid and nervous parenchyma and thus, three barriers (Blood-Cerebro-Spinal Fluid, Blood-Brain, Cerebro-Spinal Fluid-Brain). The morphological studies of these barriers were performed with exogenous tracers such as horseradish peroxidase, cytochrome C and ferritin or endogenous tracers such as autologous antiperoxidase immunoglobulins. 1. The blood-brain barrier is exogenous and endogenous tracers proof. It is found on the level of the brain capillary endothelium with tight junctions and rare plasmalemmal vesicles. 2. The blood-cerebro-spinal fluid barrier is found on the level of choroid plexus and of leptomeningeal vessel. In the former, the tracer is stopped by the tight junctions (zonula occludens type) of the choroid plexus epithelium. Besides, there is no morphological evidence of transepithelial passage from blood to cerebro-spinal fluid. In the later, the barrier is, almost always, found on the level of the vascular endothelium. 3. The parenchymatous-cerebro-spinal fluid interface cannot be called a barrier because the diffusion of the tracers is not restricted either by the astrocytic marginal layer or by the ependyma. The circumventricular organs other than choroid plexus are morphologically characterized by the free diffusion of tracers in their perivascular connective space. Subcommissural organs capillaries alone behave like those of the brain. The spinal cord capillaries, in opposition to those of the brain, are characterized by a perivascular connective space, for 40 p. 100 of them. The significance of this fact is still unknown.