PubMed · 6671213
The source did not provide an abstract. Follow the original record for more information.
Explore connections, maps & timelines
T Waterston, M Taputaira. 1983. Reliability of icterometer.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6671213/
Cite the original work for its findings. Save a collection to share your selection of sources.
KEEP EXPLORING
Human serum albumin (HSA) reduced the phospholipid hydroperoxide, 1-palmitoyl-2-(13-hydroperoxy-cis-9, trans-11-octadecadienoyl)-l-3-phosphatidylcholine (PLPC-OOH) to the corresponding hydroxy-derivative with a high apparent affinity (Km=9. 23+/-0.95 microM). Removal of bound lipid during purification increased this activity. At physiological concentration, HSA reduced the phospholipid hydroperoxide in the absence of a cofactor. However, in the presence of a cofactor (reductant), the rate of the reaction was increased. All of the major aminothiols in plasma could act as reductants, the best being the most abundant, cysteine (Km=600+/-80 microM). For every nanomole of PLPC-OOH reduced by HSA, 1.26 nmol of cystine was formed, indicating a reaction stoichiometry of 1 mol PLPC-OOH to 2 mol cysteine. We used chemical modification to determine which amino acid residues on HSA were responsible for the activity. Oxidation of thiol group(s) by N-ethylmaleimide led to a reduction in the rate of activity, whereas reduction of thiols by either dithiothreitol or the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, captopril, increased the activity. Both N-ethylmaleimide-modified HSA and dithiothreitol-treated HSA exhibited increased apparent affinities for PLPC-OOH. For a range of preparations of albumin with different modifications, the activity on PLPC-OOH was dependent on the amount of free thiol groups on the albumin (correlation coefficient=0.91). Patients with lowered albumin concentrations after septic shock showed lowered total plasma thiol concentrations and decreased phospholipid hydroperoxide cysteine peroxidase (PHCPx) activities. These results therefore show for the first time that HSA exhibits PHCPx activity, and that the majority of the activity depends on the presence of reduced thiol group(s) on the albumin.
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether an earlier observation, that infants fed a casein-hydrolysate formula (Nutramigen) have lower neonatal jaundice levels than those fed standard formulas, would be repeated in a larger independent group of infants with more frequent measurements and more rigorous statistical analysis. DESIGN: Newborn infants were fed human milk, a standard whey-predominant formula (Enfamil), or Nutramigen (n = 20 for each group) during the first 3 weeks of life. Transcutaneous jaundice index was measured daily for the first week of life and every 2 to 3 days thereafter, using a noninvasive jaundice meter. Linear regression models of the data were constructed, validated, and compared statistically. SETTING: General community hospital with subsequent home visitation. PARTICIPANTS: Healthy, term newborn infants selected by convenience, based on time of birth. INTERVENTION: Infants were exclusively fed human milk, Enfamil, or Nutramigen. Formulas were randomly assigned. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Jaundice index, a transcutaneous measurement of jaundice. RESULTS: The jaundice index differed significantly among the 3 groups. Paired comparisons showed that the jaundice index of the Nutramigen group was significantly lower than that of the Enfamil group (on days 6-16) and the human milk group (on days 3-20). The jaundice index of the Enfamil-fed group was significantly lower than that of the human milk group on days 13 to 19. CONCLUSIONS: Jaundice levels are lower in neonates fed Nutramigen rather than Enfamil and both these groups have lower jaundice levels than breast-fed infants.
We determined whether the normalization of serum bilirubin level (SBL) induced by ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) therapy was associated with an improved clinical outcome in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). We estimated the prognostic values of SBL measured after 6 months of UDCA treatment for survival free of orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). We used a database of 548 patients with PBC followed in three trials of UDCA. Among UDCA-treated patients, we compared survival free of OLT in patients with normalized SBL (</=17 micromol/L) with those who had persistently elevated SBL. Difference in survival was tested between UDCA-treated patients whose SBL normalized with treatment and placebo patients who had normal baseline SBL. We evaluated, in each treatment group, the prognostic value of 6-month SBL. Survival was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared by the Cox model. Survival free of OLT was significantly longer in patients who had normalized SBL (P <. 0001; relative risk [RR]: 3.7, UDCA group). Survival free of OLT was not significantly different between UDCA patients with normalized SBL and placebo patients with a normal baseline SBL (P =.69). For several cutoffs of 6-month SBL, RRs of OLT or death were similar in UDCA-treated and placebo patients: the RR of OLT or death associated with a 6-month SBL more than 30 micromol/L was 6.0 for UDCA and 5.7 for placebo groups. In conclusion, normalization of SBL during therapy is associated with improved clinical outcome. SBL under UDCA therapy is a prognostic factor in PBC. SBL under UDCA therapy should be interpreted as in untreated patients.