PubMed · 6689528
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F L Coe, M J Favus. 1983. Idiopathic hypercalciuria.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6689528/
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Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus is associated with three human tumors: Kaposi's sarcoma, and the B cell lymphomas, plasmablastic lymphoma associated with multicentric Castleman's disease, and primary effusion lymphoma (PEL). Epstein-Barr virus, the closest human relative of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus, mimics host B cell signaling pathways to direct B cell development toward a memory B cell phenotype. Epstein-Barr virus-associated B cell tumors are presumed to arise as a consequence of this virus-mediated B cell activation. The stage of B cell development represented by PEL, how this stage relates to tumor pathology, and how this information may be used to treat the disease are largely unknown. In this study we used gene expression profiling to order a range of B cell tumors by stage of development. PEL gene expression closely resembles that of malignant plasma cells, including the low expression of mature B cell genes. The unfolded protein response is partially activated in PEL, but is fully activated in plasma cell tumors, linking endoplasmic reticulum stress to plasma cell development through XBP-1. PEL cells can be defined by the overexpression of genes involved in inflammation, cell adhesion, and invasion, which may be responsible for their presentation in body cavities. Similar to malignant plasma cells, all PEL samples tested express the vitamin D receptor and are sensitive to the vitamin D analogue drug EB 1089 (Seocalcitol).
It is now recognized that precise patterns of differentially expressed genes ultimately direct a particular cell toward a given lineage. In this study, we compared the expression profiles of cancer-related genes by cDNA microarray analysis during the differentiation of human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells into either monocytes or granulocytes. RNA was isolated at times 0, 6, 12, 24, 36, 48, and 72 h following stimulation of differentiation with all-trans retinoic acid (all-trans RA) or 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) [1,25-(OH)(2)D(3)], and hybridized to the microarray gene chips containing 872 genes related to cell-cycles, oncogenes and leukemias. Several genes were commonly or differentially regulated during cell differentiation into either lineage, as demonstrated by both hierarchical and self-organizing map clustering analysis. At 72 h the expression levels of 45 genes were commonly up- or down-regulated at least a twofold in both lineages. Most importantly, 32 genes including alpha-L-fucosidase gene and adducin gamma subunit gene were up- or down-regulated only in all-trans RA-treated HL-60 cells, while 12 genes including interleukin 1beta and hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha were up- or down-regulated only in 1,25-(OH)(2)D(3)-treated HL-60 cells. The expression of selected genes was confirmed by Northern blot analysis. As expected, some genes identified have not been examined during HL-60 cell differentiation into either lineage. The identification of genes associated with a specific differentiation lineage may give important insights into functional and phenotypic differences between two lineages of HL-60 cell differentiation.
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