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PubMed · 6719682

Explosive nephrolithopaxy: reality or fiction?

R A Miller·J E Wickham·S E Reynolds·A Westcott·A Bailey
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Abstract

The use of silver and lead azide explosive charges for the percutaneous distintegration of renal calculi has been investigated. Charges of 10 mg or more reliably reduced calculi to fragments of extractable size; however, the concomitant tissue effects would preclude the use of such charges clinically. Smaller charges require multiple applications. High-speed flash photography demonstrated the unfocussed nature of these discharges. Considerable improvements are anticipated when the shock waves are focused. The use of Nonel tubing is described, and future developments are discussed.

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AzidesCadaverCalcium OxalateCalcium PhosphatesEndoscopyEvaluation Studies as TopicHumansKidney CalculiLeadPhotographyPressureSilverSilver CompoundsSodium ChlorideUrinary BladderComparative StudyJournal Article

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R A Miller, J E Wickham, S E Reynolds, A Westcott, A Bailey. 1984. Explosive nephrolithopaxy: reality or fiction?. https://doi.org/10.1016/0090-4295(84)90244-9

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Vibrational energy relaxation of azide in water.

Vibrational lifetimes of the asymmetric stretch fundamental of azide anion in normal and heavy water have been measured experimentally, with results in the range of a few picoseconds. This is an interesting problem for theoretical study because of the competition between intramolecular (relaxation to the other excited vibrational states of azide) and purely intermolecular (relaxation to azide's ground vibrational state) pathways. In addition it is important to understand the origin of the solvent isotope effect. Building on the seminal work of Morita and Kato [J. Chem. Phys. 109, 5511 (1998)], the authors develop a simple model based on a two-dimensional description of the azide stretching vibrations. A novel aspect of their theory is the use of an "on-the-fly" optimized quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical approach to calculate the system-bath coupling. Their theoretical lifetimes are in good agreement with experiment for azide in both normal and heavy water. They find that the predominant relaxation pathway is intramolecular. The solvent isotope effect arises from the different librational frequencies in normal and heavy water.

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