PubMed · 6870452
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V P Simmons. 1983. Isometric exercise testing.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6870452/
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OBJECTIVE: To test whether a method of fingerstick blood sample collection onto filter paper could be used as an alternative screening method in the field in settings where environmental lead contamination is a high risk. METHOD: Members of the Pediatric Mobile Team of Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, collected paired venous and capillary blood samples from 120 children, aged 6 months to 6 years, who presented for services at any of 7 sites located in decaying neighborhoods of older sections of Detroit. All samples were analyzed for lead content by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. RESULTS: When filter paper samples with blood lead levels of 0.48 micromol/L (10 microg/dL) or higher were compared with matched venous samples, the concordance coefficient was 0.96. The sensitivity and specificity of the filter paper samples relative to the venous samples for a cutoff of 0.48 micromol/L (10 microg/dL) or higher were 94% and 99%, respectively, with a positive predictive value of 97%. However, at a cutoff of 0.72 micromol/L (15 microg/dL), the sensitivity and specificity dropped to 75% and 98%, respectively, with filter paper samples underreporting blood lead values. At any cutoff point (0.48, 0.72, or 0.96 micromol/L [10, 15, or 20 microg/dL]), the filter paper method was highly specific for lead. CONCLUSIONS: Capillary filter paper sampling is an accurate and practical alternative to venous sampling for blood lead screening using 0.48 micromol/L (10 microg/dL) as the cutoff. The filter paper method predicts levels of 0.72 micromol/L (15 microg/dL) or higher less well. The cause of divergent values above 0.72 micromol/L (15 microg/dL) is not clear. Environmental contamination of capillary filter paper, however, does not seem to be an explanation.
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Angiogenesis and the molecular phenotype of the tumor vasculature determine tumor growth and metastasis. PATIENTS/METHODS: In a series of 58 gastric cancer patients, vascular density and the antigenic profile of endothelial cells in normal, inflamed and malignant gastric tissues were compared using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: In both benign gastric mucosa and primary gastric cancer vascular density was inflammation-independent. However, increased vascularity in primary tumors was positively associated with a high tumor cell density suggesting tumor-induced angiogenesis (P=0.00001 ). P-selectin was expressed in most of the gastric mucosa samples on a small fraction of vessels and increased in the presence of moderate to strong leukocyte infiltrate. VCAM-1 positive mucosal vessels were rare and showed no association with inflammation. E-selectin and the EN 7/44 antigen defining budding vessels were absent on normal and inflamed endothelium. In contrast, in primary gastric cancer de novo expression of both E-selectin and the EN 7/44 antigen was observed. E-selectin positive vessels were preferentially found in vascular-rich tumor areas (P=0.0043) independently of leukocyte infiltration. Upregulation of VCAM-1 on tumor-associated endothelium was closely related to inflammation (P=0.019), while P-selectin expression resembled that in benign mucosa. CONCLUSIONS: Differentially expressed vascular molecules may influence the functional characteristics of extravasating leukocytes and represent new targets in anti-gastric cancer therapy.
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