PubMed · 6911460
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R W Evans, B J Brown. 1981. A model for evaluating primary nursing.. https://doi.org/10.1097/00006216-198100540-00010
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STUDY DESIGN: A systematic review of published observational studies. OBJECTIVES: To examine the causal relationship between radiographic findings and nonspecific low back pain. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: The causal relationship between radiographic findings and nonspecific low back pain still is controversial. METHODS: Two reviewers independently scored the methodologic quality of all relevant, available studies using a standardized set of criteria. The association between radiographic findings and nonspecific low back pain was expressed as an odds ratio with a corresponding 95% confidence interval. RESULTS: Degeneration, defined by the presence of disc space narrowing, osteophytes, and sclerosis, turned out to be associated with nonspecific low back pain with odds ratios ranging from 1.2 to 3.3. Spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis, spina bifida, transitional vertebrae, spondylosis, and Scheuermann's disease did not appear to be associated with low back pain. The validity scores of the observational studies ranged from 0% to 91% of the maximum score. Only two studies used a prospective design, and most studies lacked control for confounding, an appropriate test for nonspecific low back pain, and blinded assessment of radiographs and low back pain status. CONCLUSIONS: There is no firm evidence for the presence or absence of a causal relationship between radiographic findings and nonspecific low back pain.
BACKGROUND: This study was designed to assess differences between pre- and postoperative herniography and ultrasonography in inguinal hernia performed laparoscopically with balloon dissection and mesh without suture. METHODS: Pre- and postoperative herniographic and ultrasonographic findings were analyzed in ten consecutive patients. Postoperative ultrasonography was performed on the 3rd and 7th days and herniography was performed on the 7th day. RESULTS: Following the operation both the herniography and ultrasonography were almost normalized to a great extent in nine patients. Overall, minimal impaired continence was recorded by herniography in one patient. Also, we detected nonspecific soft-tissue thickening at the operation site in ultrasonographic examination in four patients. CONCLUSIONS: As for inguinal hernias, compared with other operative modalities of treatment, laparoscopic hernia repair with extraperitoneal balloon dissection and mesh without suture is a highly successful procedure and its minimal morbidity is well accepted by the patient.
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