PubMed · 6913342
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1981-09-24. [Leaking equipment exchanged].. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6913342/
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BACKGROUND: In this study, we describe the methodology used for historical estimation of exposure to fluoride and to PAH in vertical stud Søderberg (VSS) potrooms at two Norwegian aluminum smelters. The assessment was performed in order to develop exposure data for epidemiological studies of cause-specific mortality and cancer incidence. METHODS: The estimation was performed in several steps. In the first step, we estimated the area concentrations of fluoride and PAH in periods with no measurements. Relationships between measured area concentrations and process parameters were investigated by statistical modeling. Process parameters and the models were then used to estimate area concentrations in periods lacking area measurement data. In the second step, the relationships between the area measurements and job specific exposure (personal measurements) were investigated by use of a measurement model. In the last step, the obtained relationships were used to estimate job specific exposure in different periods. RESULTS: The range for the annual exposure estimates in the VSS-potrooms was 0.05-1.7 mg/m3 for fluoride and 3-3,437 micrograms/m3 for PAH. CONCLUSIONS: Despite limitations of available measurements in the early production period, we have concluded that the exposure estimates from this study provide a reasonable tool for the estimation of dose-response relations in subsequent epidemiological analyses.
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The dust derived from an aluminium electrolytic plant was collected on a filter, then extracted by mixed solvent of benzene, hexane and isopropanol (7/2/1, v/v). The solvent-soluble components was separated into five fractions, namely organic acids, organic alkalis, aliphatic hydrocarbons, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polar compounds. The genotoxicities of the dust organic extract and its five fractions were examined with Ames test, unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS), micronucleus (MN) and sister-chromatid exchange (SCE) tests in human lymphocytes in vitro which involve the different test systems (bacteria and mammalian cells) and three genetic endpoints (gene mutation, chromosome aberration and DNA damage). The results of four experiments indicated that the dust organic extract showed higher genotoxicity. Among the five fractions, three fractions, namely organic acids, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polar compounds had higher genotoxicity than others. The other fractions, organic alkalis and aliphatic hydrocarbons had no genotoxicity. According to this study, it is necessary to take effective measures to abate the dust and protect the environment and human health.