PubMed · 6975895
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A Teunen, F J Hoek, G T Sanders, G N Tytgat. 1981-10-17. [A new pancreas function test: the PABA test].. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6975895/
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The role of 5-HT4 receptors on cutaneous and visceral pain remains largely unexplored. The objective of this study was to establish the activity profile of SDZ 205-557, a 5-HT4 antagonist, on cutaneous (hotplate) and visceral (writhing) models of pain, after peripheral administration. Since SDZ 205-557 possesses some affinity for 5-HT3 receptors at high doses, nociceptive effects of a 1:1 combination of SDZ 205-557 and MDL 72222, a 5-HT3 antagonist, were also evaluated. Drugs were injected 30 min before tests (0, 0.001, 0.01, 0.1 or 1 mg/kg IP). A hypoalgesic effect of SDZ 205-557 on cutaneous pain was found at 0.1 and 1 mg/kg doses, as revealed through an enhanced nociceptive threshold in rats placed on the hotplate. This effect was likely mediated through inactivation of peripheral 5-HT4 receptors. After the 1:1 combination, the hypoalgesic effect disappeared, which indicates that simultaneous inactivation of 5-HT3 and 5-HT4 receptors antagonized peripherally 5-HT4-mediated hypoalgesia by an unknown mechanism. SDZ 205-557 also induced hypoalgesia in the writhing test over the entire dose range tested, and visceral hypoalgesia turned out to be analgesia after 1:1 combination. In summary, findings of the present study imply that: i) antagonism of 5-HT4 receptors mediates antinociception in enteric viscera and, to a lesser extent, in cutaneous terminals, and ii) dual inactivation of both 5-HT4 and 5-HT3 receptors induces visceral analgesia, a fact which might have clinical importance.
OBJECTIVES: The purpose of our study was to determine the quality and quantity of leachable residual (co)monomers and additives eluted from various commercial dental composite resins after polymerization. METHODS: Polymerized specimens from four universal hybrid-type composite resins were eluted for 3 days with methanol resp, water. Then all extracts were analysed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry or liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry using a particle beam interface. RESULTS: In all polymerized composite resin specimens, (co)monomers and various additives as well as contaminants from manufacturing processes were identified. Almost every compound detected in the unpolymerized resins could also be identified in the methanol extracts, but only a few of them were found in the water extracts. From these the co-monomer TEGDMA was extracted in quantities higher than those reported to be cytotoxic in primary human oral fibroblast cultures. CONCLUSIONS: From our results we conclude that the extractable quantities of composite resin components should be minimized, either by reducing the mobility of leachable substances within the set material or by applying less water-soluble components. Furthermore, all ingredients of a dental composite should be declared by the manufacturers, in order to identify those substances in a product which may cause adverse side effects in patients and dental personnel.
Three oral absorption tests have been used in patients with short bowel syndrome (SBS) to evaluate the absorption site of each substrate. In this study, three absorption tests were applied: the oral pancreatic function test using N-benzoyl-L-tyrosyl-p-aminobenzoic acid (NBT-PABA), the D-xylose tolerance test, and the oral fat tolerance test. Examinations were performed in eight patients with either a duodenostomy or a jejunostomy located less than 60 cm from the ligament of Treitz, and in a patient with an end ileostomy. Forty-six healthy volunteers participated as controls for the oral fat tolerance test. PABA and D-xylose concentrations were measured in urine. The serum triacylglycerol concentration was determined at 0, 1, 2, and 3 h after ingestion. All eight patients with SBS demonstrated pathologic absorption on each test. We conclude that small bowel integrity is critical for evaluation of the NBT-PABA test. We also determined that the duodenum and proximal jejunum do not play an important role in the absorption of D-xylose and triacylglycerol. We could also evaluate limitations and advantages of the other kinds of oral absorption tests and nutrients through patients with SBS.