PubMed HealthSearch

PubMed · 7028158

Structure-function relationships in insulin.

Abstract

A new interpretation of structure-function relationships in the insulin molecule is presented. Negative cooperativity is postulated to arise from a dimerization event occurring between two receptor-bound molecules. The receptor-binding surface of insulin can necessarily not involve residues involved in dimerization as has been generally accepted. Support for this interpretation is based on published data.

Explore related subjects

Keep this discovery

Explore connections, maps & timelines

BibTeXRIS

D J Saunders. 1981. Structure-function relationships in insulin.. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01121582

Cite the original work for its findings. Save a collection to share your selection of sources.

KEEP EXPLORING

Related citations

Interaction of anionic/nonionic surfactant mixtures with phosphatidylcholine liposomes.

The mechanisms governing the interaction of mixtures of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and nonylphenol oxyethylenated with 10 mol of ethylene oxide (NP(EO)10) with phosphatidylcholine liposomes were investigated. Permeability alterations were detected as a change in 5(6)-carboxyfluorescein (CF) released from the interior of vesicles and bilayer solubilization as a decrease in the static light scattered by liposome suspensions. Three parameters were described as the effective surfactant/lipid molar ratios (Re) at which the surfactant system (a) resulted in 50% of CF release (Re50%CF), (b) saturated the liposomes (ReSAT), and (c) led to a complete solubilization of these structures (ReSOL). From these parameters the corresponding surfactant partition coefficients (K50%CF, KSAT, and KSOL) were determined. Despite the fact that Re increased as the mole fraction of the SDS rose (XSDS), the K parameters showed maximum values at XSDS 0.6 and 0.2 for K50%CF and KSAT, respectively, the KSOL reaching the highest value in the absence of SDS XSDS = 0). Thus, the higher the surfactant contribution in surfactant/lipid system, the lower the XSDS at which the maximum bilayer/water partitioning of mixed surfactant systems added took place. The free surfactant concentrations SW were lower than the mixed surfactant CMCs at subsolubilizing level, whereas it remained similar to these values during saturation and solubilization of bilayers in all cases.

Chemical Phenomena

Thermodynamics of micellar systems: comparison of mass action and phase equilibrium models for the calculation of standard Gibbs energies of micelle formation.

Micellar colloids are distinguished from other colloids by their association-dissociation equilibrium in solution between monomers, counter-ions and micelles. According to classical thermodynamics, the standard Gibbs energy of formation of micelles at fixed temperature and pressure can be related to the critical micelle concentration. This relation is different for two models which are widely used to describe micelle formation, namely the Phase Separation and the Mass Action Models. These approaches and the assumptions upon which they are based are analysed in this paper. We show that the two models can be generalised to include surfactant salts having different stoichiometries.

Chemical Phenomena

Effect of chloride ion on the sedimentation volume and zeta potential of zinc insulin suspensions in neutral pH range.

When zinc insulin suspensions of different pH values were prepared in the presence of sodium chloride, an unusually high sedimentation volume was found at about pH 6.9. An experimental investigation was conducted in an effort to understand this phenomenon. The experiments involved measurements of electrophoretic mobilities to calculate zeta potentials and sedimentation volumes of zinc insulin suspensions prepared at different NaCl concentrations (0, 17, and 120 mM) and at various pH values from 5 to 8. The general trend observed was that the magnitude of the zeta potential increased with pH when it was higher than the isoelectric point of 5.3. When the sodium chloride concentration was 120 mM, a very rapid change in zeta potential was observed in the pH range of 6.6 to 7.2, with a maximum magnitude of zeta potential at about pH 6.9, the same pH that was observed to yield the largest sedimentation volume. Our experimental results indicate that the greatest adsorption of chloride ion on the zinc insulin suspension particles occurred in the same pH range, which appeared to be responsible for the rapid change of zeta potential in that pH range. The experimental data were interpreted by DLVO (Derjaguin, Landau, Vervey, and Overbeek) theory, which involves a comparison of the forces of electrostatic repulsion and of the van der Waals attraction.

Chemical Phenomena