PubMed · 7035264
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P L Prati, G Visco, A Pezzella, M A Longo, G Turitto. 1981. [Infectious endocarditis today].. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7035264/
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Candida yeasts represent a versatile yet underexploited platform for industrial biotechnology. These yeasts utilize a remarkably broad range of carbon sources, particularly for hydrophobic carbon sources, coupled with robust growth and diverse biosynthetic capacities, making them promising hosts for sustainable production of chemicals, fuels, and proteins. Despite these advantages, industrial deployment of Candida species has been hindered by concerns regarding opportunistic pathogenicity and the historical lack of efficient genetic manipulation tools, leading to a substantial gap between metabolic potential and practical utilization. Recent advances in functional genomics, genome editing, and systems metabolic engineering are rapidly overcoming these barriers, enabling more precise and efficient strain development. In this review, we systematically summarize recent progress in the metabolic engineering of Candida species as microbial cell factories, with particular emphasis on expanding genetic toolkits, utilizting renewable and non-conventional carbon sources, and biosynthesizing high-value compounds. In addition, we propose a biosafety-oriented classification framework to support their safe industrial deployment. Finally, we discuss current challenges and emerging opportunities, emphasizing that the synergy of synthetic biology and artificial intelligence-driven design holds the key to unlocking the biotechnological potential of Candida yeasts.
Detection of potential pitfalls for the ASCUS interpretation is essential for appropriate patient management. Between 1991-1994, 50 cervicovaginal specimens with Candida spp. were submitted for pathologists' review because of a possible ASCUS diagnosis. None had been preceded by abnormal smears, and all were followed by one or more benign smears and/or biopsy. Candida-associated changes included nuclear enlargement with focal hyperchromasia and cytoplasmic changes of orangeophilia, vacuoles, and perinuclear rings. Initially, 16 cases had been interpreted as ASCUS and 34 as benign. Upon review, utilizing strict Bethesda System criteria for ASCUS and awareness of Candida-associated changes, 10 of the 16 ASCUS cases were reclassified as benign. Knowledge of Candida-associated changes which may mimic ASCUS can prevent overuse of the ASCUS term, providing optimal, cost-effective management.
The authors describe a microplate-based high-throughput procedure for rapid assay of the enzyme activities of nitrate reductase and nitrite reductase, using extremely small volumes of reagents. The new procedure offers the advantages of rapidity, small sample size-nanoliter volumes, low cost, and a dramatic increase in the throughput sample number that can be analyzed simultaneously. Additional advantages can be accessed by using microplate reader application software packages that permit assigning a group type to the wells, recording of the data on exportable data files and exercising the option of using the kinetic or endpoint reading modes. The assay can also be used independently for detecting nitrite residues/contamination in environmental/food samples.