PubMed · 7096159
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B A Hills. 1982. Liquid layer lining the lung.. https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1982.52.5.1383
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The rate constant (alpha2) of the terminal exponential of the technetium-99m diethylene triamine penta-acetic acid (DTPA) plasma clearance curve is close to the ratio of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) to extracellular fluid volume (ECV) and is therefore a convenient, already normalised, measure of filtration function. Since alpha2 depends on the distribution volume of the tracer, our aim was to compare alpha2 from inulin and 99mTc-DTPA and also to compare the equilibration kinetics of the two filtration markers. Fifty millilitres of 99mTc-DTPA (250MBq) and inulin (10%), mixed in the same syringe, were given by intravenous injection in 15 patients undergoing routine 99mTc-DTPA renography for a variety of clinical indications. Frequent antecubital venous blood samples were taken up to about 4h after injection to construct plasma clearance curves from which GFR, ECV and GFR/ECV (i.e. the reciprocal of mean transit time through the distribution volume) were calculated. 99mTc-DTPA/inulin concentration ratio curves were also constructed after normalisation to the ratio in the syringe. GFR given by the two markers correlated closely (DTPA=0.98.inulin-0.4ml/min; r=0.98). 99mTc-DTPA had the same distribution volume as inulin, had a similar transit time through it and gave the same value of alpha2 (r=0.98). GFR/ECV from 99mTc-DTPA accordingly correlated closely with GFR/ECV from inulin (DTPA=0.75.inulin+0.99 ml/min; r=0.95). Even though the distribution volumes and the times to equilibration (i.e. to reach the terminal exponential) were similar, the distribution volume of 99mTc-DTPA at about 10min after injection was, after subtraction of the plasma volume, about twice that of inulin. We confirm the validity of 99mTc-DTPA for measuring GFR. alpha2 is a convenient measure of GFR, can be based on the terminal exponential of inulin of 99mTc-DTPA curves and can be converted to GFR/ECV with an appropriate scaling factor. The kinetics or the two clearance curves with respect to anatomical correlates of the exponentials and the rates of diffusion throughout the respective distribution volumes requires further study.
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Renal tubules and interstitium have close physiological associations. Changes in both are often seen in renal disease. Damaged tubules can attract inflammatory cells and stimulate interstitial fibrosis, but do not always do so. Interstitial inflammation can damage tubules and can also stimulate fibrosis, and is probably always initiated by tubular events. Interstitial and tubular abnormalities are closely associated with changes in renal excretory function, but tubular events are more important. A main determinant of the outcome of renal disease is whether tubules can recover, not the extent of interstitial changes. If tubules are atrophic, they will not recover and renal function will be permanently impaired.