PubMed · 7119318
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D P Cantwell, S R Forness. 1982. Learning disorders.. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0002-7138(09)60949-3
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Although bulimics' family functioning usually is reported to be abnormal, the present study examined whether these abnormalities are specific to bulimia or whether they may be due to covariation with another problem associated with abnormal family functioning, childhood sexual abuse (CSA). Consistent with prior research, the family environments of bulimic and normal eaters, as well as abused and nonabused subjects, differed significantly. However, when eating behavior and abuse status were analyzed concurrently, significant differences between bulimics and normals failed to emerge. Abnormal family environment was associated more closely with CSA than with bulimia. The one abnormality unique to bulimia was the family's heightened emphasis on achievement. The potential importance of familial achievement orientation is discussed.
Although technology has enabled premature infants to survive, longitudinal assessments have primarily focused on IQ outcomes. The purpose of this study was to establish the usefulness of mastery assessment in establishing developmental outcome. Mastery motivation and cognition were examined in 167 preschool children born at various degrees of medical risk. Mastery motivation was measured by a videotaped toy sequence designed to tap sensorimotor practice, effect production, and problem solving. Patterns of correlations indicate that the relationship between mastery and IQ were complementary and not redundant. Three regression models showed that significant interactions between perinatal status and mastery motivation behaviors confirm mastery assessment worthy of consideration in biologically high-risk children.
To study similarities and differences in personality across historical periods, ego identity patterns, assessed by Q-sort prototypes, were compared in longitudinal samples of midlife women who had been young adults in the 1950s, early 1960s, and late 1960s. Identity pattern had similar relationships across sample with vector dimensions of the California Psychological Inventory but was related to work and family outcomes only in the younger cohorts, whose lives were less restricted. Women with the achieved-foreclosed pattern were more alike across cohort than women with the achieved-moratorium pattern. Among the latter, independence and high aspirations were salient salient features of the younger cohorts, whereas interest in motives of self and others were salient in the older cohort.