PubMed · 716095
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B H Scribner, M Avram, K Butt, M Dennis, A Morgan, G Thomas. 1978. Workshop on circulatory access.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/716095/
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Tissue engineering is the application of the principles and methods of engineering and the life sciences towards the development of biological substitutes to restore, maintain or improve functions. It is an area which is emerging in importance worldwide. In the USA it has been actively fostered by the National Science Foundation, both through research grants and the sponsorship of a series of workshops starting in 1988. This brief review of activities in the USA focuses on cell culture technology as a foundation for tissue engineering and then discusses examples of applications. These include artificial skin and the use of encapsulated cells in the development of bioartificial organs. Also discussed is the reconstitution of a blood vessel in culture, both for use in basic research and for implantation as an artificial blood vessel in bypass surgery. In conclusion, other potential applications are mentioned as well as generic areas of technology for future development.
More than 2 million persons sustain thermal injuries in the United States annually (Monafo and Crabtree, 1985) and more than 10,000 burn victims die (Collini and Kealey, 1989). The principal factors affecting mortality are the total area burned and the area of third degree (full thickness) burns (Tompkins et al., 1985) with wound sepsis being the leading cause of mortality. Early aggressive excision and immediate covering of the wounds improve survival (Herndon and Parks, 1986). Various biological and synthetic substrates have been employed to replace the injured skin. Most of these provide a permeability barrier which substitutes for the epidermal function of the lost skin. An ideal skin replacement should also provide a substitute for dermis, which provides both support and stability for the epidermal replacement and prevents wound contraction. The dermal and epidermal replacement should be firmly integrated by a complete basement membrane zone (BMZ).