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PubMed · 7186844

Adhesive strapping techniques.

C M Bonci
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Abstract

The thoroughness of the clinical evaluation will dictate the necessity of adhesive strappings and their effectiveness in providing external support to injured areas. It is essential that the mechanism of injury and underlying anatomy be identified. In individual cases, the extent and severity of tissue damage will differ. Therefore, the methods of taping that have been presented are not inflexible, since variations may be necessary to insure proper support, protection, and comfort.

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Achilles TendonAdhesivesAnkle InjuriesAthletic InjuriesBandagesHumansImmobilizationMethodsJournal Article

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C M Bonci. 1982. Adhesive strapping techniques.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7186844/

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PubMed1998

Changes in Achilles tendon moment arm from rest to maximum isometric plantarflexion: in vivo observations in man.

1. The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of a plantarflexor maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) on Achilles tendon moment arm length. 2. Sagittal magnetic resonance (MR) images of the right ankle were taken in six subjects both at rest and during a plantarflexor MVC in the supine position at a knee angle of 90 deg and at ankle angles of -30 deg (dorsiflexed direction), -15 deg, 0 deg (neutral ankle position), +15 deg (plantarflexed direction), +30 deg and +45 deg. A system of mechanical stops, support triangles and velcro straps was used to secure the subject in the above positions. Location of a moving centre of rotation was calculated for ankle rotations from -30 to 0 deg, -15 to +15 deg, 0 to +30 deg and +15 to +45 deg. All instant centres of rotation were calculated both at rest and during MVC. Achilles tendon moment arms were measured at ankle angles of -15, 0, +15 and +30 deg. 3. At any given ankle angle, Achilles tendon moment arm length during MVC increased by 1-1.5 cm (22-27 %, P < 0.01) compared with rest. This was attributed to a displacement of both Achilles tendon by 0.6-1.1 cm (P < 0.01) and all instant centres of rotation by about 0.3 cm (P < 0.05) away from their corresponding resting positions. 4. The findings of this study have important implications for estimating loads in the musculoskeletal system. Substantially unrealistic Achilles tendon forces and moments generated around the ankle joint during a plantarflexor MVC would be calculated using resting Achilles tendon moment arm measurements.

Achilles Tendon↗
PubMed1998

[Achilles tendon size by high resolution sonography in healthy population. Relationship with lipid levels].

BACKGROUND: Sonography is a useful technique for the study of the Achilles tendon, and specially in the detection of tendon xantomas. Normal sonographic size is not well established, and is essential in the clinical diagnosis of monogenic familial hypercholesterolemia (FH). Possible relationship between Achilles tendon size and plasma lipid concentrations in normolipidemic population is not known. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The antero-posterior Achilles tendon diameter (ATD) was measured with high resolution sonography in 100 healthy subjects, 50 males and 50 females, 20-70 years old, 10 subjects for each decade of age and sex. ATD was correlated with age, gender, body mass index, physical activity and lipid and apolipoprotein B plasma concentrations. RESULTS: The ATD was significantly higher in males than in females, 5.32 (standard desviation [SD] 0.48) mm versus 4.91 (SD 0.47) mm (p < 0.01). In the multivariate analysis, ATD of males was positively associated with total plasma cholesterol (TC) level (p < 0.01). The ATD in females was positively associated with weight (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Normal ATD has been defined. Its range is relatively narrow and different in both sexes. Similarities in the histology between vascular and tendinous intersticium probably explain the relationship found between Achilles tendon and TC. Achilles tendon size could be a simple marker of lipid deposition in tissues.

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