PubMed · 7238447
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E B Flink. 1981. The thyroid gland.. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.813855
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Quantitative trait locus (QTL) studies in plants frequently employ phenotypic data on a population of lines (doubled haploid lines, recombinant inbred lines, etc.) tested in multiple environments. An important feature of such data is the genetic correlation among observations on the same genotype in different environments. Detection of QTL-by-environment interaction requires tests which take this correlation into account. In this article, a comparison was made of the properties of several such tests by means of simulation. The results indicate that a split-plot analysis of variance (ANOVA), being an approximate method, tends to be too liberal under departures from the Huynh-Feldt condition. A standard two-way ANOVA, which ignores genetic correlation, yields inappropriate tests and should be avoided. In contrast, mixed model approaches as well as univariate and multivariate repeated-measures ANOVA yield valid results. This supports the use of a flexible mixed model framework in more complex settings, which are difficult to tackle by repeated-measures ANOVA. .
Understanding the origins of racial health disparities is currently a central focus of health-oriented funding agencies and the health policy community. In particular, the role of genetics in the origin of racial health disparities is receiving growing attention and has been susceptible to considerable misinterpretation. In this article, the authors provide a basic discussion about the concept of genes and race, an introduction to quantitative genetics, and some examples of quantitative genetic analyses of health conditions in an underserved population. The intent is to outline the conceptual limitations of exclusivist views of either environmental or genetic determination and to emphasize the coaction and interaction of genes and environments in health.