PubMed · 7329664
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P Fél, A Imreh, I Hernádi. 1981-11-22. [Primary ureter tumor causing diagnostic difficulties].. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7329664/
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The contemporary classification and grading of human papillary urothelial neoplasms remains unsettled, with multiple recent suggestions by groups of pathologists with little or no clinical input. One of the chief motivations for these new approaches was to avoid use of the term "cancer" for neoplasms with a low likelihood of invasion, recurrence, and death. Also, critics contended that earlier grading schemes were too imprecise to be clinically useful. We summarize the work carried out by the majority of members of Committee No. 1 at the International Consultation on the Diagnosis of Non-Invasive Urothelial Neoplasms held in Ancona, Italy (11-12 May 2001). Our deliberations represent a multidisciplinary international effort based on the best available data and the perception of existing practical methods of classification by clinicians, pathologists, and cancer registrars. The WHO 1973 classification for papillary urothelial neoplasms (papilloma, grade 1, grade 2, and grade 3 carcinoma) is still superior to all existing alternatives (such as WHO/ISUP 1998 and WHO 1999), although some refinement of diagnostic criteria would be useful. Some pathologists may prefer additionally to report synonymous classification in other schemes, but this is discouraged owing to variations and difficulties in translations.
Between 1988 and 1999 a total of 24 patients with differentiated thyroid cancer invading the airway underwent various types of tracheal resection at the Osaka Police Hospital. Preoperative ultrasonographic (US) findings in these patients were compared with postoperative histologic results of the resected specimens to confirm the relation between the preoperative and postoperative diagnoses and to determine the indications for operative procedures. Preoperative US revealed cancer invasion to the adventitia in 2 cases, to the intercartilage space in 13, and to the tracheal mucosa in 9. Histologically, cancer invasion to the adventitia was confirmed in 4, to the intercartilage space in 10, and to the mucosa in 10. Among 13 cancer invasion instances to the intercartilage revealed by US, overdiagnosis occurred in 3 cases and underdiagnosis in 1. The actual overall diagnostic rate by US was 83.3%, which is a great improvement over other available methods. In conclusion, preoperative US findings of the trachea agreed with the histologic findings of the resected specimens, indicating US to be the first choice when making decisions about resecting the trachea and about the operative procedure.
Ovarian cancer is a major cause of cancer death in women. Unfortunately, the molecular pathways underlying ovarian cancer progression are poorly understood, making the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies difficult. On the basis of our previous observations obtained from serial analysis of gene expression, we have constructed a specialized cDNA array for the study of ovarian cancer. Small, specialized arrays have several practical advantages and can reveal information that is lost in the "noise" generated by irrelevant genes present in larger arrays. The array, which we named Ovachip, contains 516 cDNAs chosen from our serial analysis of gene expression and cDNA array studies for their relevance to ovarian cancer. The gene expression patterns revealed with the Ovachip are highly reproducible and extremely consistent among the different ovarian specimens tested. This array was extremely sensitive at differentiating ovarian cancer from colon cancer based on expression profiles. The Ovachip revealed clusters of coordinately expressed genes in ovarian cancer. One such cluster, the IGF2 cluster, is particularly striking and includes the insulin-like growth factor II, the cisplatin resistance-associated protein, the checkpoint suppressor 1, the cyclin-dependent kinase 6, and a protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor. We also identified a cluster of down-regulated genes that included the cyclin-dependent kinase 7 and cyclin H. Thus, the Ovachip allowed us to identify previously unidentified clusters of differentially expressed genes that may provide new paradigms for molecular pathways important in ovarian malignancies. Because of the relevance of the arrayed genes, the Ovachip may become a powerful tool for investigators in the field of ovarian cancer and may facilitate progress in understanding the etiology of this disease and in its clinical management.