PubMed · 7374539
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R Hecker. 1980-02-09. Gastroenterology.. https://doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1980.tb134675.x
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Leiomyomas and leiomyosarcomas are derived from smooth muscle tissues. Smooth muscle cells also surround the blood vessels that supply the alimentary tract. These cells have at times been said to contribute to the formation of smooth muscle tumors in the alimentary canal. With such an abundance of smooth muscle, there is little reason at present to implicate the smooth muscle elements of blood vessel walls.
Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) form a family of enzymes, which play an important role in the prevention of cancer by detoxifying numerous potentially carcinogenic compounds. GSTs catalyze the conjugation of glutathione to such harmful molecules, and enable their secretion. Human GSTs can be divided into five main classes. The theta class of isoenzymes was only recently identified and limited (immunohistochemical) data on these enzymes are available. In the present study, paraffin-embedded sections of different gastrointestinal tissues were analyzed immunohistochemically for GSTalpha, GSTP1-1 and GSTT1-1 expression using specific antibodies. GSTalpha, GSTP1-1 and GSTT1-1 were highly expressed in all gastrointestinal tissues examined, with a unique cellular distribution. GSTT1-1 is the first GST isoenzyme demonstrated in duodenal Paneth cells and glands of Brunner. The common expression of GSTalpha, GSTT1-1 and GSTP1-1 in many cell types along the human gastrointestinal tract suggests an important role in the protection against carcinogens and other xenobiotics.
Endoscopic ultrasound was introduced in the early 1980s. Today, endoscopic ultrasound remains the most accurate modality for local staging of gastrointestinal cancers but the emphasis is now on what findings will impact patient care. At the same time, a new era of interventional endoscopic ultrasound that might also be called image-directed therapies is emerging. The future looks bright for the further application of endoscopic ultrasound in gastrointestinal endoscopy. This article provides the current status and a glimpse into the future of endoscopic ultrasound.