PubMed · 7378039
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J A Collins. 1980. Pulmonary dysfunction and massive transfusion.. https://doi.org/10.1159/000430560
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Twenty-two horses were examined because of firearm injuries. Nine had been shot with .22-caliber bullets, 2 with BB pellets, 6 with buckshot, 1 with a .35-caliber bullet, and 1 with an airgun pellet. Injury was confined to the skin or skeletal muscles in 8 horses. Of these, 7 returned to their previous use. In 14 horses, injuries to additional structures were incurred, including the sinus and pharynx (n = 2), mandible (n = 1), tooth (n = 1), aorta (n = 1), eye (n = 3), tibia (n = 1), gastrointestinal tract (n = 3), joint (n = 1), and trachea (n = 1). The 3 horses that had only eye injuries were discharged to their owners. Of the other 11 horses with injuries to deep/vital structures, 3 died, 5 were euthanatized, and 3 survived.
A 27-year-old female patient presented in our clinic 14 hours after onset of acute lower abdominal pain during sexual intercourse. Sonography showed ascites around the uterus and structures suspected to be clotted blood. Diagnostic laparoscopy showed in the abdomen about 400 ml of clotted blood: sources of bleeding were small injuries of the left sacro-uterine ligament. Therapy was not necessary, except careful rinsing since hemostasis was already complete. It is important to consider abdominal injuries in cases of abdominal pain after sexual intercourse, even if vulvar or vaginal injuries are absent.
In a retrospective study the value of sonography in the diagnosis of acute traumatic and nontraumatic conditions was evaluated. Records of patients who underwent emergency sonography during 1989 (group A, 159 patients) and 1991 (group B, 415 patients) were reviewed. In nontraumatic cases sonography confirmed the preliminary diagnosis in 43% and 50% of patients in groups A and B, respectively. In cases of acute abdominal pain with fever or leukocytosis, but without initial specific diagnosis, biliary disease was diagnosed in 3 group B patients; in a group A patient an abdominal aortic aneurysm was detected. There were positive sonographic findings in 42% and 17% of cases of blunt abdominal trauma in groups A and B, respectively. Sonographic evaluation of suspected splenic trauma confirmed the diagnosis in only 2 out of 9 patients in group B. Both studies show that sonography is a very effective, complementary, noninvasive method for evaluating patients with suspected acute surgical conditions. Sonography significantly reduced misdiagnosed biliary disease in cases of abdominal pain with fever or leukocytosis. In trauma, sonography obviated invasive diagnostic and surgical interventions in a significant number of cases. We recommend routine sonography in evaluating suspected, acute surgical conditions of traumatic or nontraumatic nature and in cases of undiagnosed abdominal pain with fever or leukocytosis.