PubMed · 7383095
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K P Price. 1980-07-24. Headache.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7383095/
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Reduced heart rate variability (HRV) is an independent risk factor after myocardial infarction, indicating higher risk of fatal and nonfatal arrhythmias and of cardiac death in general. Analysis of HRV is also a valuable tool in clinical research, providing a non-invasive measurement of fluctuations in sympathetic and parasympathetic activation. We expect increased use of these methods, since new 24-hour: ECG-monitoring equipment is to be delivered with software for HRV as an option. Statistical time domain analysis of the whole 24-hour system of recording is very suitable for stratifying risk after myocardial infarction. Frequency domain analysis requires manual as well as automatic editing, but is the method of choice in clinical research involving short-term recordings and standardized conditions.
Heart rate variability (HRV) has recently become a popular noninvasive research tool in cardiology. Clinical assessment of HRV is frequently based on standard long-term ambulatory electrocardiograms, whereas physiologic studies employ spectral analysis of short-term recordings under controlled conditions. From a general point of view, HRV can be used in clinical practice to estimate (1) the integrity of cardiac autonomic innervation, (2) the physiologic status of cardiac autonomic activity, and (3) the vulnerability to various cardiac arrhythmias resulting from autonomic imbalance. Clinical relevance of HRV has been clearly demonstrated in only two clinical conditions: (1) impaired HRV can be used alone or in a combination with other factors to predict risk of arrhythmic events after acute myocardial infarction, and (2) decrease in HRV is a useful clinical marker for evolving diabetic neuropathy. Substantial advances of our knowledge are required to establish and promote clinical applications in other areas of clinical medicine. To accomplish this task, proper hypotheses should be studied and appropriate techniques selected.
Entrainment is the integration or harmonization of oscillators. All organisms pulsate with myriad electrical and mechanical rhythms. Many of these rhythms emanate from synchronized pulsating cells (eg, pacemaker cells, cortical neurons). The cranial rhythmic impulse is an oscillation recognized by many bodywork practitioners, but the functional origin of this impulse remains uncertain. We propose that the cranial rhythmic impulse is the palpable perception of entrainment, a harmonic frequency that incorporates the rhythms of multiple biological oscillators. It is derived primarily from signals between the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. Entrainment also arises between organisms. The harmonizing of coupled oscillators into a single, dominant frequency is called frequency-selective entrainment. We propose that this phenomenon is the modus operandi of practitioners who use the cranial rhythmic impulse in craniosacral treatment. Dominant entrainment is enhanced by "centering," a technique practiced by many healers, for example, practitioners of Chinese, Tibetan, and Ayurvedic medicine. We explore the connections between centering, the cranial rhythmic impulse, and craniosacral treatment.