PubMed · 7393044
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F J Carroll. 1980-05-31. Stingose.. https://doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1980.tb135114.x
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BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to assess the impact of the pollution caused by the aluminium sulphate emptied into the water at the Lowermoor Treatment Works on the standardized hospital discharge ratios in the Camelford area, Cornwall. METHOD: Comparisons were made between the Camelford area and other localities in Cornwall of standardized hospital discharge ratios up to five years following the pollution incident. The diagnoses of discharges were defined by ICD 9 code and grouped in chapters. The figures for Camelford were compared with those for Cornwall. RESULTS: Since the pollution incident, the standardized discharge ratio has increased in the Camelford area compared with Cornwall. No similar increase was observed in other localities of Cornwall. No one diagnosis was found to cause this increase. CONCLUSIONS: The pollution of the water to the people of Camelford has raised hospital discharges. Monitoring of hospital discharges will continue.
Four short peptides from rubella virus proteins E1 and E2, predicted to contain B cell epitopes, were used to vaccinate BALB/c mice. Sera from peptide-vaccinated animals reacted with viral antigens in ELISA and three of the four induced virus-neutralising antibody (nAb) responses. Peptide PY4, in contrast to the others, induced IgG2a responses upon vaccination and stimulated spleen cells in vitro produced IFN gamma in the absence of IL-5. It was reasoned that vaccination with PY4 caused Th1 subset activation, the appropriate type of response for anti-viral immunity and hence the efficient neutralising antibody response. Presentation of peptide for vaccination proved to be as important as the sequence. Similar profiles of IgG1 and IgG2a were detected in the sera of mice vaccinated with PY4 in Freund's complete adjuvant or alum; however nAb responses were not found when alum was used.
The effects of topically applied mouthrinses containing AlCl3, or AlK(SO4)2 on dental caries and plaque were investigated in a rat model. For comparison, NaF and a two-step treatment of AlCl3 and NaF were also tested. Six groups of 20 weanling rats were inoculated with Streptococcus sobrinus 6715 and provided a caries-inducing diet and distilled water ad libitum. Test agents were topically applied twice daily 5 days per week at a concentration of 0.037 mol/l in a mouthrinse vehicle and were compared with a vehicle control rinse and a distilled water control. After 10 weeks none of the treatments reduced plaque amounts relative to the controls. The AlCl3 and AlK(SO4)2 rinses significantly reduced both smooth-surface and sulcal caries by approximately 40%. The cariostatic activity of the aluminum rinses was equivalent to an equimolar NaF mouthrinse on smooth surface lesions, but was statistically less than NaF on sulcal caries. The two-step treatment with AlCl3 and NaF indicated numerically additive effects, but the results were not statistically better than with NaF alone. Dentine caries progression paralleled the enamel caries prevalence results. No deaths, toxicologic effects, or inhibition of growth rates were observed in any treatment group. This study confirmed that topically applied solutions of aluminum salts inhibited caries formation in the rat caries model and showed that the cariostatic activity of aluminum was maintained in a compatible mouthrinse vehicle.