[Intraoperative choledochoscopy].

Abstract

Intraoperative choledochoscopy is examined and the instruments mostly employed for this purpose are described, with particular reference to the Olympus CHF B2, and personal modifications to the same, as used in the present study. The indications for the examination and the technique required are explained. It is especially useful in diseases of the bile ducts, and superior to cholangiography, which often fails to diagnose intrahepatic calculosis and small, multicentered tumours. A series of images relating to calculosis of the bile ducts, biliary neoplasia, the choledochus in lesions of the head of the pancreas, and the normal appearance of the bile ducts is presented.