The evolution of cooperation.

R Axelrod; W D Hamilton

doi:10.1126/science.7466396

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PubMed · 7466396

The evolution of cooperation.

R Axelrod·W D Hamilton

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Abstract

Cooperation in organisms, whether bacteria or primates, has been a difficulty for evolutionary theory since Darwin. On the assumption that interactions between pairs of individuals occur on a probabilistic basis, a model is developed based on the concept of an evolutionarily stable strategy in the context of the Prisoner's Dilemma game. Deductions from the model, and the results of a computer tournament show how cooperation based on reciprocity can get started in an asocial world, can thrive while interacting with a wide range of other strategies, and can resist invasion once fully established. Potential applications include specific aspects of territoriality, mating, and disease.

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Animals Biological Evolution Cooperative Behavior Game Theory Humans Mathematics Models, Biological Selection, Genetic Journal Article

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R Axelrod, W D Hamilton. 1981-03-27. The evolution of cooperation.. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.7466396

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