PubMed · 7498088
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1995. Menace in the mix.. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.103-1519220
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The previously developed batch anodic Fenton treatment (AFT) technology has been successfully applied to degrade various pesticides in aqueous solution. The goal of this work is the development of a flow-through AFT system (FAFT) which is critical to bringing this technology into practical general use in the field. For this purpose, the degradation of DEET (N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide), an insect repellent, and nine model amides was studied. Oxidation products of these compounds in FAFT were identified by GC/MS, and the results revealed that various -OH additions (most likely on the aromatic ring), quinone/keto product formation, and dimerization/bimolecular disproportionation are the major reaction pathways. This proposed overall reaction mechanism was then combined with the basic Fenton's mechanism to model the kinetics of various active species in FAFT including DEET, Fe2+, H2O2, and total iron under different reaction conditions. In addition, both initial and steady-state hydroxyl radical concentrations were measured in FAFT using benzoic acid as a chemical probe; the measured *OH concentrations were best-fitted exponentially. On the basis of the obtained [*OH] trend and the mass balance of the FAFT system, a simple FAFT model was developed to fit all of the degradation data of DEET and the model amides.
DEET (N,N-diethyl m-toluamide) is a lipophilic compound which has a common use as an insect repellent and causes not only skin irritation but also systemic side effects at high concentrations in long-term skin application. In this study, DEET is incorporated into solid lipid particles, a colloidal drug delivery system, in order to reduce the percutaneous permeation and avoid toxic effects and also maintain drug effectiveness on the skin surface for a long duration of insect repellence. Solid lipid particles were prepared based on emulsion systems at different concentrations and after the characterization studies, the formulation with 20% lipid phase and 1:1 drug:lipid ratio was carried to in vitro release and skin permeation studies. Solid lipid particles with DEET were compared to free DEET using cream and hydrophilic gel vehicles. Results showed that incorporation of DEET into solid lipid particles reduced the release rate and skin permeation of DEET. Imaging studies using scanning electron microscopy showed that there were still solid lipid particles on skin surface after 2 h indicating that DEET could be present for a longer time on the application site.
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