PubMed · 7532696
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M J Friedman. 1994. Future focus: creative computer communication.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7532696/
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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate controlled evidence on the efficacy of distance medicine technologies in clinical practice and health care outcome. DATA SOURCES: Systematic electronic database and manual searches (1966-1996) were conducted to identify clinical trial reports on distance medicine applications. STUDY SELECTION: Three eligibility criteria were applied: prospective, contemporaneously controlled clinical trial with random assignment of the intervention; electronic distance technology application in the intervention group and no similar intervention in the control group; and measurement of the intervention effect on process or outcome of care. DATA EXTRACTION: Data were abstracted by independent reviewers using a standardized abstraction form and the quality of methodology was scored. Distance technology applications were described in 6 categories: computerized communication, telephone follow-up and counseling, telephone reminders, interactive telephone systems, after-hours telephone access, and telephone screening. DATA SYNTHESIS: Of 80 eligible clinical trials, 61 (76%) analyzed provider-initiated communication with patients and 50 (63%) reported positive outcome, improved performance, or significant benefits, including studies of computerized communication (7 of 7), telephone follow-up and counseling (20 of 37), telephone reminders (14 of 23), interactive telephone systems (5 of 6), telephone access (3 of 4), and telephone screening (1 of 3). Significantly improved outcomes were demonstrated in studies of preventive care, management of osteoarthritis, cardiac rehabilitation, and diabetes care. CONCLUSIONS: Distance medicine technology enables greater continuity of care by improving access and supporting the coordination of activities by a clinician. The benefits of distance technologies in facilitating communication between clinicians and patients indicate that application of telemedicine should not be limited to physician-to-physician communication.
This research study explored the differences between the responses of a cohort of British nurses and a cohort of Polish nurses to a patient's expression of need. Using a vignette to elicit the responses, the study showed that the cohorts gave similar responses in terms of cheering the patient up, offering explanation and showing warmth. Differences were demonstrated in relation to collecting information, giving advice and suggestions, and referring the patient to the doctor. Both cohorts, however, rarely gave responses which demonstrated empathy. The authors conclude that better training in therapeutic communication is needed.
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