PubMed Health⌕ Search
Home/Archive/PubMed

PubMed · 7543556

Prostate-specific antigen in a community screening program.

K L Schwartz·T Y Kau·R K Severson·R Y Demers
View original source ↗Export metadata ↓

Abstract

BACKGROUND: This study was designed to determine who participates in community-based prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening programs and what serum PSA levels can be expected. METHODS: A descriptive analysis of men who participated in an annual community health screening program was used to compare men who chose PSA screening with those who did not. The relationship of demographic variables to PSA level was evaluated by multivariate regression analysis. Data were available on 5548 men, 6% of whom were black. RESULTS: The population of PSA screening participants included proportionately more middle-aged white men with higher median income, as compared with men who did not participate. Those who did not participate in the screening were more likely to be either very old or very young. PSA levels increased with age, and the percentage of men with elevated PSA levels increased with age. One tenth (9.6%) of all participants had PSAs between 4 ng/mL and 10 ng/mL, and 1.9% had levels greater than 10 ng/mL. Within 1 year of the screening, 1.7% of the screened participants had a diagnosis of prostate cancer. The mean PSA in this group was 15.9 ng/mL. CONCLUSIONS: These data confirm the need for age-specific PSA reference ranges. It is likely that the same reference range can be used for all racial ethnic populations.

Explore related subjects

Black or African AmericanAge DistributionAge FactorsAgedHumansMaleMass ScreeningMichiganMiddle AgedMultivariate AnalysisProstate-Specific AntigenProstatic NeoplasmsWhite PeopleComparative StudyJournal ArticleResearch Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

Keep this discovery

Explore connections, maps & timelines

BibTeXRIS

K L Schwartz, T Y Kau, R K Severson, R Y Demers. 1995. Prostate-specific antigen in a community screening program.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7543556/

Cite the original work for its findings. Save a collection to share your selection of sources.

KEEP EXPLORING

Related citations

PubMed2010

Common charge-shift mutation Glu65Lys in K+ channel β₁-Subunit KCNMB1: pleiotropic consequences for glomerular filtration rate and progressive renal disease.

BACKGROUND: Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is a heritable trait, and hyperfiltration (GFR increment in remnant nephrons) may accelerate renal functional decline in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Mesangial and vascular smooth myocytes control GFR by contraction, dependent on voltage-gated Ca(2+) influx, which is controlled by the regulatory β₁-subunit (KCNMB1) of large-conductance heteromeric K+ ('BK') channels. KCNMB1 gain-of-function variant Glu65Lys results in generalized vasorelaxation and thus protection against systemic hypertension. Here we asked whether the Glu65Lys variant influences GFR, in the basal state or during progressive renal decline. METHODS: We explored Glu65Lys effects on GFR in three populations spanning two ethnicities and two diseases (hypertension and nephrosclerosis). GFR was either estimated (eGFR from serum creatinine) or directly measured (iothalamate clearance). RESULTS: The 65Lys variant was relatively common, occurring on ∼5-10% of chromosomes in different biogeographic ancestry groups, and 65Lys carriers exhibited higher eGFR in two primary care populations: extreme BP values in Kaiser clinics (p = 0.029, accounting for ∼0.2% of trait variance), or treated hypertensives in VA clinics (p = 0.017, accounting for ∼0.9% of trait variance). In blacks with progressive renal disease (NIDDK AASK), 65Lys carriers displayed a steeper slope in GFR chronic decline (p = 0.030, accounting for ∼0.4% of trait variance), and Glu65Lys genotype also predicted time of onset of renal failure (log rank p = 0.019). CONCLUSIONS: Common KCNMB1 gain-of-function variant Glu65Lys influences GFR, and 65Lys carriers exhibit not only elevated baseline GFR, but also more rapid GFR decline (and consequent development of renal failure) in CKD. The results suggest that profiling patients at Glu65Lys can assist in gauging renal prognosis as well as selection of rational therapy in hypertension with progressive renal disease.

Black or African American↗
PubMed1998

Primary and secondary syphilis--United States, 1997.

Syphilis is an acute and chronic sexually transmitted disease (STD) caused by infection with Treponema pallidum. The disease is characterized by skin and mucous membrane lesions in the acute phase (primary and secondary [P&S] syphilis) and lesions of the bone, viscera, and cardiovascular and neurologic systems in the chronic phase. Because syphilis enhances transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), prevention of syphilis is important for controlling HIV. During 1986-1990, an epidemic of syphilis occurred throughout the United States. Syphilis rates began to decline in 1991 and have declined each year since that time. To determine whether this decline is reflected in changes in the epidemiology of syphilis, CDC analyzed notifiable disease surveillance data for 1997. This report summarizes the findings of the analysis, which indicate that 8551 cases of primary and secondary (P&S) syphilis were reported in 1997, an 83% decline in cases from the peak of the epidemic in 1990, and that syphilis remains substantially more common in non-Hispanic blacks than in other racial/ethnic groups and continues to be concentrated in the Southern region of the United States [corrected].

Black or African American↗
PubMed1998

Gastrostomy placement and mortality among hospitalized Medicare beneficiaries.

CONTEXT: Although the use of feeding tubes among older individuals stirs considerable controversy, population-based descriptive data regarding patient outcomes are scarce. OBJECTIVE: To describe hospitalized Medicare beneficiaries having gastrostomies placed and their associated mortality rates. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING AND PATIENTS: Hospitalized Medicare beneficiaries aged 65 years or older discharged in 1991 following gastrostomy placement (excluding individuals in health maintenance organizations). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Mortality at 30 days, 1 year, and 3 years following gastrostomy and characteristics of individuals undergoing gastrostomy placement. RESULTS: In 1991, claims reflecting gastrostomy insertion were submitted for 81105 older Medicare beneficiaries following hospital discharge. The in-hospital mortality rate was 15.3%. Cerebrovascular disease, neoplasms, fluid and electrolyte disorders, and aspiration pneumonia were the most common primary diagnoses. The overall mortality rate at 30 days was 23.9% (95% confidence interval [CI], 23.65%-24.2%), reaching 63.0% (95% CI, 62.7%-63.4%) at 1 year and 81.3% (95% CI, 81.0%-81.5%) by 3 years. One in 131 white and 1 in 58 black Medicare beneficiaries aged 85 years or older was discharged alive or deceased from a hospital in 1991 following gastrostomy placement. CONCLUSIONS: Gastrostomies are frequently placed in older individuals and more often in blacks; mortality rates following placement are substantial.

Black or African American↗