PubMed · 7547757
The source did not provide an abstract. Follow the original record for more information.
Explore connections, maps & timelines
N Rutter. 1995. The extremely preterm infant.. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.1995.tb11424.x
Cite the original work for its findings. Save a collection to share your selection of sources.
KEEP EXPLORING
In this article, we record the history of obstetric ultrasound as it developed worldwide in the second half of the twentieth century. The technological advances during this period saw the evolution of equipment from the original adapted metal flaw detectors producing a simple A-scan to the modern, purpose built, real-time colour flow machines with three-dimensional capability (Fig. 1). Clinically, ultrasound began as a research tool, but the poor quality of the images led to the ridicule of many of the early investigators. However, because of their perseverance, ultrasound developed into an imaging modality providing immense diagnostic capabilities and facilitating with precision many invasive procedures, diagnostic and therapeutic, both of which have made significant contributions to patient care. In this history, we recall the people, the personalities, and the problems they encountered during the development of ultrasound and how these problems were resolved, so that ultrasound now is available for use in the care of pregnant women throughout the developed world.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
BACKGROUND: Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) has been linked to impaired renal function and hypertension, suggesting that an adverse prenatal environment could alter kidney development and renin production. METHODS: Immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization were employed to localize renin-containing cells (RCCs) in the deep, middle, and superficial zones of autopsy kidney sections, in parallel with histologic maturation, from unexplained stillborn fetuses of normal weight (N = 26) and stillborn fetuses with IUGR (N = 17). RESULTS: In the control group, the number of RCC per 100 glomeruli in the deep zone decreased with advancing gestation from 40 at 20 weeks gestation to five at term (P < 0.001), whereas the opposite change was found in the superficial zone (increase from 5 per 100 to 55 per 100; P < 0.001). In the IUGR group, the density of RCCs in both the superficial and deep zones was similar to the control group at 20 weeks, and no shift in renin gene expression was observed as gestation advanced. Histologic maturation was unaltered. CONCLUSIONS: Renin gene expression persists and predominates in the deep renal cortex of the stillborn IUGR fetus, and could contribute to the pathogenesis of neonatal oliguria and/or hypertension during postnatal life.