PubMed Health⌕ Search
Home/Archive/PubMed

PubMed · 7642157

[30 years mitral valve prolapse--what has stayed the same?].

T Rampp·R von Essen
View original source ↗Export metadata ↓

Abstract

As a Result of echocardiographic diagnostic criteria that took too little account of underlying pathology, mitral valve prolapse has, in the past, been diagnosed far too frequently, and has been associated with commonly occurring unspecific symptoms (mitral valve prolapse syndrome). The results of epidemiological studies have led to a new definition of diagnostic criteria. The diagnosis mitral valve prolapse is established in the first instance by auscultation. Echocardiography supports the diagnosis, provides information about the prognosis, and, with a high level of reliability, detects complications. Major complications of this condition are endocarditis and mitral valve insufficiency, as also--less well documented--cerebral embolism and sudden heart death. Particularly at risk of developing complications are those patients with a systolic murmur reflecting an already present mitral valve insufficiency. This patient group must be monitored for progressive mitral insufficiency and, in the presence of relevant exposure, requires endocarditis prophylaxis.

Explore related subjects

Death, Sudden, CardiacDiagnosis, DifferentialEchocardiographyEndocarditis, BacterialHemodynamicsHumansMitral Valve InsufficiencyMitral Valve ProlapseRisk FactorsEnglish AbstractJournal ArticleReview

Keep this discovery

Explore connections, maps & timelines

BibTeXRIS

T Rampp, R von Essen. 1995-06-20. [30 years mitral valve prolapse--what has stayed the same?].. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7642157/

Cite the original work for its findings. Save a collection to share your selection of sources.

KEEP EXPLORING

Related citations

PubMed2007

Sudden death prophylaxis in heart failure.

Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is the leading cause of mortality in heart failure (HF). Today the implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) has become a commonplace therapy around the world for patients with both ischemic and non-ischemic cardiomyopathy and an ejection fraction (EF) < or = 35%. However, EF alone does not discriminate between the modes of death from HF (sudden arrhythmic death vs. non-sudden death). Other risk statifiers, such as electrophysiologic study and microvolt T-wave alternans testing, should therefore be used in the appropriate settings to minimize the number of unnecessary device implants. In addition, left ventricular mechanical dyssynchrony has now become recognized as an additional major marker of cardiac mortality. Its assessment should entail echocardiography rather than measurement of the QRS duration. This will allow us to better integrate the ability of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) in enhancing cardiac function with the ability of an ICD in preventing SCD. This review aims to: 1) give a synthesis of the published evidence regarding the value of implantable ICDs and CRT in the primary prophylaxis of SCD in HF; 2) discuss controversial clinical issues in this area; and 3) recommend practical device-based management strategies.

Death, Sudden, Cardiac↗
PubMed2007

Commotio cordis--sudden cardiac death with chest wall impact.

Commotio cordis (CC), sudden death as a result of a blunt, often innocent-appearing chest wall blow, is being reported with increasing frequency. The clinical spectrum is diverse; however, a substantial number of cases occur in youth athletics. In events that occur during sport, victims are struck by projectiles regarded as standard implements of the game. Sudden death is instantaneous and victims are most often found in ventricular fibrillation (VF). Overall survival is poor; however, successful resuscitation can be achieved with early defibrillation. Autopsy is notable for the absence of any significant cardiac or thoracic injury. Development of an experimental model has allowed for substantial insights into the underlying mechanisms of sudden death. In anesthetized juvenile swine, induction of VF is instantaneous following chest wall blows occurring during a vulnerable window before the T wave peak. Crucial variables including the velocity of impact, impact location, and hardness of the impact object have been identified. Rapid left ventricular (LV) pressure rise following chest impact likely results in activation of ion channels via mechano-electric coupling. The generation of inward current via mechano-sensitive ion channels likely results in augmentation of repolarization and nonuniform myocardial activation, and is the cause of premature ventricular depolarizations that are triggers of VF in CC. While softer-than-standard safety baseballs reduce the risk of CC, commercially available chest protectors are ineffective in preventing CC. The development of more effective chest protectors and more widespread use of automated external defibrillators at youth sporting events are needed.

Death, Sudden, Cardiac↗